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ANSSI Cryptography Authorization: Complete Declaration Guide

Flags of France and the European Union on a white background representing ANSSI cryptography authorization

Comprehensive Guide: Navigating Cryptographic Means Authorization

ANSSI cryptography authorization: Learn how to navigate the regulatory landscape for importing and exporting cryptographic products in France. This comprehensive guide covers the necessary steps, deadlines, and documentation required to comply with both national and European standards. Read on to ensure your operations meet all legal requirements.

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ANSSI cryptography authorization, authored by Jacques Gascuel, CEO of Freemindtronic, provides a detailed overview of the regulatory framework governing cryptographic products. This guide addresses the essential steps for compliance, including how to fill out the necessary forms, meet deadlines, and provide the required documentation. Stay informed on these critical updates and more through our tech solutions.

Complete Guide: Declaration and Application for Authorization for Cryptographic Means

In France, the import, export, supply, and transfer of cryptographic products are strictly regulated by Decree n°2007-663 of 2 May 2007. This decree sets the rules to ensure that operations comply with national and European standards. At the same time, EU Regulation 2021/821 imposes additional controls on dual-use items, including cryptographic products.

This guide explains in detail the steps to correctly fill in the declaration or authorization request form, as well as the deadlines and documents to be provided to comply with the ANSSI cryptography authorization requirements.

Download the XDA Form

Click this link to Download the declaration and authorization application form

Regulatory Framework: Decree No. 2007-663 and Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Decree No. 2007-663 of 2 May 2007 regulates all operations related to the import, export, supply, and transfer of cryptographic means. It clearly sets out the conditions under which these operations may be carried out in France by defining declaration and authorization regimes. To consult the decree, click this link: Decree n°2007-663 of 2 May 2007.

At the European level, Regulation (EU) 2021/821 concerns dual-use items, including cryptographic products. This regulation imposes strict controls on these products to prevent their misuse for military or criminal purposes. To view the regulation, click this link: Regulation (EU) 2021/821.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your operations comply with both national and European standards for cryptographic products. If you need further assistance or have any questions, feel free to reach out!

Fill out the XDA PDF Form

The official form must be completed and sent in two copies to the ANSSI. It is essential to follow the instructions carefully and to tick the appropriate boxes according to the desired operations (declaration, application for authorisation or renewal).

Address for submitting forms

French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI)Regulatory Controls Office51, boulevard de La Tour-Maubourg75700 PARIS 07 SP.

Contact:

  • Phone: +33 (0)1 71 75 82 75
  • Email: controle@ssi.gouv.fr

This form allows several procedures to be carried out according to Chapters II and III of the decree.
You can download the official form by following this PDF link.

  • Declaration of supply, transfer, import or export from or to the European Union or third countries.
  • Application for authorization or renewal of authorization for similar operations.

Paperless submission: new simplified procedure

Since 13 September 2022, an electronic submission procedure has been put in place to simplify the formalities. You can now submit your declarations and authorisation requests by email. Here are the detailed steps:

Steps to submit an online application:

  1. Email address: Send your request to controle@ssi.gouv.fr.
  2. Subject of the email: [formalities] Name of your company – Name of the product. Important: The object must follow this format without modification.
  3. Documents to be attached:
    • Completed form  (electronic version).
    • Scanned  and signed form.
    • All required attachments (accepted formats: .pdf, .xls, .doc).
  4. Large file management: If the size of the attachments exceeds 10 MB, divide your mailing into several emails according to the following nomenclature:
    • [Formalities] Name of your company – Product name – Part 1/x
    • [Formalities] Your Company Name – Product Name – Part 2/x

1. Choice of formalities to be carried out

The form offers different boxes to tick, depending on the formalities you wish to complete:

  • Reporting and Requesting Authorization for Any Cryptographic Medium Operation: By ticking this box, you submit a declaration for all supply, transfer, import or export operations, whether inside or outside the European Union. This covers all types of operations mentioned in the decree.
  • Declaration of supply, transfer from or to a Member State of the European Union, import and export to a State not belonging to the European Union of a means of cryptology: Use this box if you are submitting only a simple declaration without requesting authorisation for the operations provided for in Chapter II of the Decree.
  • Application for authorisation to transfer a cryptographic method to a Member State of the European Union and export to a State that does not belong to the European Union: This box is specific to operations that require prior authorisation, pursuant to Chapter III of the Decree.
  • Renewal of authorisation for the transfer to a Member State of the European Union and for the export of a means of cryptology: If you already have an authorization for certain operations and want to renew it, you will need to check this box.

1.1 Time Limits for Review and Notification of Decisions

This section should begin by explaining the time limits for the processing of applications or declarations based on the operation being conducted. Each subsequent point must address a specific formal procedure in the order listed in your request.

1.1.1 Declaration and Application for Authorization of Any Transaction Relating to a Means of Cryptology

This relates to general declarations for any cryptographic operation, whether it involves supply, transfer, import, or export of cryptographic means.

  • Examination Period: ANSSI will review the declaration or application for 1 month (extended to 2 months for cryptographic services or export to non-EU countries).
  • Result: If the declaration is compliant, ANSSI issues a certificate.
  • In Case of Silence: You may proceed with your operation and request a certificate confirming that the declaration was received if no response is provided within the specified time frame.

1.1.2 Declaration of Supply, Transfer, Import, and Export to Non-EU Countries of a Means of Cryptology

This section involves simple declarations of cryptographic means being supplied, transferred within the EU, imported, or exported outside the EU.

  • Examination Period: For supply, transfer, import, or export operations, ANSSI has 1 month to review the file. For services or exports outside the EU, the review period is 2 months.
  • Result: ANSSI will issue a certificate if the file is compliant.
  • In Case of Silence: After the deadlines have passed, you may proceed and request a certificate confirming compliance.

1.1.3 Application for Authorization to Transfer Cryptographic Means within the EU and Export to Non-EU Countries

This applies to requests for prior authorization required for transferring cryptographic means within the EU or exporting them to non-EU countries.

  • Examination Period: ANSSI will examine the application for authorization within 2 months.
  • Notification of Decision: The Prime Minister will make a final decision within 4 months.
  • In Case of Silence: If no response is provided, you receive implicit authorization valid for 1 year. You can also request a certificate confirming this authorization.

1.1.4 Application for Renewal of Authorization for Transfer within the EU and Export of Cryptographic Means

This relates to renewing an existing authorization for the transfer of cryptographic means.

  • Review Period: ANSSI will review the renewal application within 2 months.
  • Notification of Decision: The Prime Minister will issue a decision within 4 months.
  • In Case of Silence: If no decision is made, an implicit authorization valid for 1 year is granted. You can request a formal certificate to confirm this authorization.

1.1.5 Example Response from ANSSI for Cryptography Authorization Requests

When you submit a declaration or request for authorization, ANSSI typically provides a confirmation of receipt, which includes:

  • Subject: Confirmation of Receipt for Cryptography Declaration/Authorization
  • Date and Time of Submission: For example, “Monday 23 October 2022 13:15:13.”

The response confirms that ANSSI has received the request and outlines the next steps for review.

A: Information on the Registrant and/or Applicant, Person in charge of the administrative file and Person in charge of the technical elements.

This section must be filled in with the information of the declarant or applicant, whether it is a legal person (company, association) or a natural person. You should include information such as:

  • The name and address of the entity or individual.
  • Company name and SIRET number for companies.
  • Contact details of the person responsible for the administrative file and the person in charge of the technical aspects of the cryptology product.

Person in charge of technical aspects: This person is the direct contact with the ANSSI for technical questions relating to the means of cryptology.

B: Cryptographic Medium to which the Declaration and/or Application for Authorization Applies

This part concerns the technical information of the cryptology product:

B.2.1 Classify the medium into the corresponding category(ies)

You must indicate whether the product is hardware, software, or both, and specify its primary role (e.g., information security, network, etc.).

B.2.2 General description of the means

The technical part of the form requires a specific description of the cryptographic means. You will need to provide information such as:

  • Generic name of the medium (photocopier, telephone, antivirus software, etc.).
  • Brand, trade number, and product version .
  • Manufacturer and date of release.

Comments in the form:

  • The cryptographic means must identify the final product to be reported (not its subsets).
  • Functional description: Describe the use of the medium (e.g., secure storage, encrypted transmission).

B.2.3 Indicate which category the main function of the means (tick) relates to

  • Information security (means of encryption, cryptographic library, etc.)
  • Computer (operating system, server, virtualization software, etc.)
  • Sending, storing, receiving information (communication terminal, communication software,
  • management, etc.)
  • Network (monitoring software, router, base station, etc.)
  • If yes, specify:

B.3. Technical description of the cryptology services provided

B.3.2. Indicate which category(ies) the cryptographic function(s) of the means to be ticked refers to:

  • Authentification
  • Integrity
  • Confidentiality
  • Signature

B.3.3. Indicate the secure protocol(s) used by:

  • IPsec
  • SSH
  • VoIP-related protocols (such as SIP/RTP)
  • SSL/TLS
  • If yes, specify:

Comments in the form:

  • Cryptographic functionality: Specify how the product encrypts data (e.g., protection of files, messages, etc.).
  • Algorithms: List the algorithms and how they are used. For example, AES in CBC mode with a 256-bit key for data encryption.

B.3.4. Specify the cryptographic algorithms used and their maximum key lengths:

Table to be filled in: Algorithm / Mode / Associated key size / Function

This section requires detailing the cryptographic services that the product offers:

  • Secure protocol (SSL/TLS, IPsec, SSH, etc.).
  • Algorithms used and key size (RSA 2048, AES 256, etc.).
  • Encryption mode (CBC, CTR, CFB).

C: Case of a cryptographic device falling within category 3 of Annex 2 to Decree No. 2007-663 of 2 May 2007

This section must be completed if your product falls under category 3 of Annex 2 of the decree, i.e. cryptographic means marketed on the consumer market. You must provide specific explanations about:

  • Present the method of marketing the means of cryptology and the market for which it is intended
  • Explain why the cryptographic functionality of the medium cannot be easily changed by the user
  • Explain how the installation of the means does not require significant subsequent assistance from the supplier

D: Renewal of transfer or export authorization

If you are applying for the renewal of an existing authorisation, you must mention the references of the previous authorisation, including the file number, the authorisation number and the date of issue.

E: Attachments (check the boxes for the attachments)

To complete your file, you must provide a set of supporting documents, including:

  • General document presenting the company (electronic format preferred)
  • extract K bis from the Trade and Companies Register dated less than three months (or a
  • equivalent document for companies incorporated under foreign law)
  • Cryptographic Medium Commercial Brochure (electronic format preferred)
  • Technical brochure of the means of cryptology (electronic format preferred)
  • User manual (if available) (electronic format preferred)
  • Administrator Guide (if available) (electronic format preferred)

All of these documents must be submitted in accepted electronic formats, such as .pdf, .xls, or .doc.

F: Attestation

The person representing the notifier or applicant must sign and attest that the information provided in the form and attachments is accurate. In the event of a false declaration, the applicant is liable to sanctions in accordance with Articles 34 and 35 of Law No. 2004-575 on confidence in the digital economy.

G: Elements and technical characteristics to be communicated at the request of the national agency for the security of information systems (preferably to be provided in electronic format)

In addition, the ANSSI may request additional technical information to evaluate the cryptology product, such as:

  1. The elements necessary to implement the means of cryptology:
  2. two copies of the cryptographic medium;
  3. the installation guides of the medium;
  4. devices for activating the medium, if applicable (license number, activation number, hardware device, etc.);
  5. key injection or network activation devices, if applicable.
  6. The elements relating to the protection of the encryption process, namely the description of the measures

Techniques used to prevent tampering with encryption or management associated keys.

  1. Elements relating to data processing:
  2. the description of the pre-processing of the clear data before it is encrypted (compression, formatting, adding a header, etc.);
  3. the description of the post-processing of the encrypted data, after it has been encrypted (adding a header, formatting, packaging, etc.);
  4. three reference outputs of the means, in electronic format, made from a clear text and an arbitrarily chosen key, which will also be provided, in order to verify the implementation of the means in relation to its description.
  5. Elements relating to the design of the means of cryptology:
  6. the source code of the medium and the elements allowing a recompilation of the source code or the references of the associated compilers;
  7. the part numbers of the components incorporating the cryptology functions of the medium and the names of the manufacturers of each of these components;
  8. the cryptology functions implemented by each of these components;
  9. the technical documentation of the component(s) performing the cryptology functions;
  10. the types of memories (flash, ROM, EPROM, etc.) in which the cryptographic functions and parameters are stored as well as the references of these memories.

Validity and Renewal of ANSSI Cryptography Authorization

When ANSSI grants an authorization for cryptographic operations, it comes with a limited validity period. For operations that require explicit authorization, such as the transfer of cryptographic means within the EU or exports outside the EU, the certificate of authorization issued by ANSSI is valid for one year if no express decision is made within the given timeframe.

The renewal process must be initiated before the expiry of the certificate. ANSSI will review the completeness of the application within two months, and the decision is issued within four months. If ANSSI remains silent, implicit authorization is granted, which is again valid for a period of one year. This renewal ensures that your cryptographic operations remain compliant with the regulations established by Decree n°2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821, avoiding any legal or operational disruptions.

For further details on how to initiate a renewal or first-time application, refer to the official ANSSI process, ensuring all deadlines are respected for uninterrupted operations.

Legal Framework for Cryptographic Means: Key Requirements Under Decree No. 2007-663

Understanding the legal implications of Decree No. 2007-663 is crucial for any business engaged in cryptology-related operations, such as the import, export, or transfer of cryptographic products. This section outlines the legal framework governing declarations, authorizations, and specific cases for cryptographic means. Let’s delve into the essential points:

1. Formalities Under Chapters II and III of Decree No. 2007-663

Decree No. 2007-663 distinguishes between two regulatory regimes—declaration and authorization—depending on the nature of the cryptographic operation. These formalities aim to safeguard national security by ensuring cryptographic means are not misused.

  • Chapter II: Declaration Regime
    This section requires businesses to notify the relevant authorities, particularly ANSSI, when cryptographic products are supplied, transferred, imported, or exported. For example, when transferring cryptographic software within the European Union, companies must submit a declaration to ANSSI. This formality ensures that the movement of cryptographic products adheres to ANSSI cryptography authorization protocols. The primary goal is to regulate the flow of cryptographic tools and prevent unauthorized or illegal uses.
  • Chapter III: Authorization Regime
    Operations involving cryptographic means that pose higher security risks, especially when exporting to non-EU countries, require explicit authorization from ANSSI. The export of cryptographic products, such as encryption software, outside the European Union is subject to strict scrutiny. In these cases, companies must obtain ANSSI cryptography authorization, which evaluates potential risks before granting permission. Failure to secure this authorization could result in significant legal consequences, such as operational delays or penalties.

2. Request for Authorization or Renewal

If your operations involve cryptographic means that require prior approval, the Decree mandates that you apply for authorization or renewal. This is particularly relevant for:

  • Transfers within the EU: Even though the product remains within the European Union, if the cryptographic tool is sensitive, an authorization request must be submitted. This helps mitigate risks associated with misuse or unauthorized access to encrypted data.
  • Exports outside the EU: Exporting cryptographic means to non-EU countries is subject to even stricter controls. Businesses must renew their authorization periodically to ensure that all their ongoing operations remain legally compliant. This step is non-negotiable for companies dealing with dual-use items, as defined by EU Regulation 2021/821.

3. Category 3 Cryptographic Means (Annex 2)

Category 3 cryptographic means, outlined in Annex 2 of the Decree, apply to consumer-facing products that are less complex but still critical for security. These are often products marketed to the general public and must meet specific criteria:

  • Unmodifiable by End-Users: Cryptographic products under Category 3 must not be easily altered by end-users. This ensures the integrity of the product’s security features.
  • Limited Supplier Involvement: These products should be user-friendly, not requiring extensive assistance from the supplier for installation or continued use.

An example of a Category 3 product might be a mobile application that offers end-to-end encryption, ensuring ease of use for consumers while adhering to strict cryptographic security protocols.

Regulatory Framework and Implications

Decree No. 2007-663, alongside EU Regulation 2021/821, sets the groundwork for regulating cryptographic means in France and the broader European Union. Businesses must comply with these regulations, ensuring they declare or obtain the proper ANSSI cryptography authorization for all cryptographic operations. Compliance with these legal frameworks is non-negotiable, as they help prevent the misuse of cryptographic products for malicious purposes, such as espionage or terrorism.

Displaying ANSSI Cryptography Authorization: Transparency and Trust

Publicly showcasing your ANSSI cryptography authorization not only demonstrates regulatory compliance but also strengthens your business’s credibility. In fact, there are no legal restrictions preventing companies from making their authorization certificates visible. By displaying this certification, you reinforce transparency and trustworthiness, especially when dealing with clients or partners who prioritize data security and regulatory adherence.

Moreover, doing so can provide a competitive edge. Customers and stakeholders are reassured by visible compliance with both French and European standards, including Decree No. 2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821. Displaying this certificate prominently, whether on your website or in official communications, signals your business’s proactive stance on cybersecurity.

Final Steps to Ensure Compliance

Now that you understand the steps involved in ANSSI cryptography authorization, you are better equipped to meet the regulatory requirements for importing and exporting cryptographic means. By diligently completing the necessary forms, submitting the required documentation, and adhering to the outlined deadlines, you can streamline your operations and avoid potential delays or penalties. Moreover, by staying up-to-date with both French and European regulations, such as Decree No. 2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821, your business will maintain full compliance.

For any additional guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out to the ANSSI team or explore their resources further on their official website. By taking these proactive steps, you can ensure that your cryptographic operations remain fully compliant and seamlessly integrated into global standards.

New Microsoft Uninstallable Recall: Enhanced Security at Its Core

laptop displaying Microsoft Uninstallable Recall feature, highlighting TPM-secured data and uninstall option, with a user's hand interacting, on a white background.

Unveil Microsoft’s Enhanced Uninstallable Recall for Total Data Security

Microsoft Uninstallable Recall: Learn how Microsoft has significantly upgraded the security of its Recall activity journal, now featuring an easy-to-use uninstall option and protection through a secure enclave with stronger authentication. Read the full article to explore these advanced security features and improvements.

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Microsoft’s Uninstallable Recall, written by Jacques Gascuel, CEO of Freemindtronic, fixes earlier security issues by processing data in a TPM-secured enclave and giving users complete control over data. You can uninstall Recall easily, wiping all data for enhanced privacy. Stay informed on these security updates and more in our tech solutions.

Microsoft’s Revamped Recall System

Microsoft recently overhauled its Recall feature, which had faced criticism for security and privacy issues. The new version delivers enhanced protection and better control over personal data, responding directly to concerns raised by users and privacy experts.

Key Features of Microsoft’s New Uninstallable Recall

Recall is an activity journal that allows users to retrieve information based on past actions, utilizing AI-analyzed screenshots. In its first iteration, the tool faced backlash because data was stored insecurely, making it easily accessible to others sharing the same device.

Microsoft responded by overhauling the architecture of Recall. Now, all data processing occurs within a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)-protected secure enclave. Access to information requires Windows Hello authentication or a PIN, ensuring that only authorized users can unlock the encrypted data.

Enhanced Data Protection with Microsoft’s Uninstallable Recall

Microsoft significantly improved the security architecture of Recall. All data is now encrypted and stored within the TPM chip, and multi-factor authentication further protects user information. Recent updates to Recall ensure that sensitive information is automatically filtered out, including passwords, personal identification numbers, and credit card details.

These changes align with the security mechanisms found in BitLocker, which also uses TPM to safeguard encryption keys. Freemindtronic has noted the similarities between Recall and BitLocker’s multi-layer encryption and user-focused security enhancements.

How to Enable and Remove Microsoft’s New Recall

With the updated Uninstallable Recall, Microsoft gives users full control over the feature. Recall is opt-in—it remains off unless activated by the user, and it can be uninstalled easily at any time. Microsoft has confirmed that when Recall is uninstalled, all related data is permanently deleted, further addressing privacy concerns.

Additional Security Measures

Microsoft also introduced several improvements to Recall, including:

  • Private browsing compatibility: Users can now prevent Recall from saving sessions during private browsing.
  • Sensitive content filtering: By default, Recall filters out sensitive data such as passwords and personal details.
  • Custom permissions: Users can choose what data Recall tracks and restrict it to specific apps or activities.

These updates reflect Microsoft’s commitment to providing robust data protection, and as seen in similar tools like BitLocker, Microsoft emphasizes TPM-based encryption to secure user data​. Freemindtronic highlighted that BitLocker uses multi-layer encryption and TPM to secure sensitive information from unauthorized access​.

Business and Consumer Advantages of Microsoft’s Enhanced Recall

These enhancements have significant implications for both businesses and individual users. Companies can benefit from the enhanced data protection, especially when managing sensitive information across multiple devices. Users working in shared environments can rest assured knowing their personal data is encrypted and secured, even if the device is shared.

Moreover, this follows a pattern of Microsoft’s continuous security efforts, as seen in the resolution of BitLocker access issues caused by a faulty Crowdstrike update. The incident demonstrated the importance of robust encryption and key management tools like PassCypher NFC HSM.

Availability of the Uninstallable Recall Feature

The new Recall feature will be available to Windows Insiders in October 2024. It is integrated with Copilot+ PCs, designed to provide comprehensive security without sacrificing usability​.

Why Microsoft’s Recall Is a Step Forward in Data Security

With the Uninstallable Recall, Microsoft demonstrates its commitment to developing tools that balance user privacy and productivity. The integration of TPM-encrypted data storage, biometric authentication, and flexible permissions makes Recall one of the most secure data management systems available today, alongside established solutions like BitLocker.

EAN Code Andorra: Why It Shares Spain’s 84 Code

Ultra-realistic image illustrating Andorra's shared EAN code with Spain, featuring a barcode starting with 84 and a map connecting Andorra and Spain.
Update: August 29, 2024 Jacques Gascuel discusses the crucial intersection of Telegram and cybersecurity in light of Pavel Durov’s arrest. Featured in our Cyberculture section, this analysis underscores the evolving responsibilities of tech leaders and the importance of balancing privacy with security. Stay informed as this topic may be updated, and thank you for following our Cyberculture updates.

Everything You Need to Know About EAN Codes: Andorra’s Shared 84 Code with Spain

EAN Code Andorra plays a crucial role in identifying products, but why does Andorra, despite being a co-principality with France, share its EAN code with Spain? In this article, we will explore the EAN coding system, explain how it works, and uncover the reasons why Andorra uses the 84 code with Spain. Additionally, you’ll find a complete guide that helps you understand this unique coding arrangement.

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Key Highlights: EAN Code Andorra & Spain’s Shared 84 Code

  1. EAN Code Andorra: All About EAN Codes and Their Importance: Andorra shares the 84 code with Spain, mainly due to strong trade relationships.
  2. What Is an EAN Code and Why Is It Important?: EAN codes play a critical role in global product identification, especially in retail and supply chains.
  3. How EAN Codes Are Structured: The structure of EAN codes consists of a country prefix, product number, and check digit.
  4. Complete List of EAN Codes by Country (Updated in 2024): A comprehensive list of EAN codes for countries with assigned EAN-13 codes, updated for 2024.
  5. Why Does Andorra Share Its EAN Code with Spain?: Andorra shares its EAN code with Spain due to economic ties and logistical efficiency.
  6. Examples of Valid EAN Codes for Andorra: Valid EAN codes for Andorran products, starting with the prefix 84.
  7. How the Shared EAN Code Works: How GS1 manages Andorra’s shared EAN code with Spain.
  8. Benefits of Sharing the Code: Advantages for Andorra in sharing its EAN code with Spain, such as cost reduction and logistical efficiency.
  9. How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes: Methods for checking the validity of EAN and UPC codes using the check digit.
  10. UPC and EAN: Differences and Correspondence: The difference between UPC and EAN codes and how they correspond.
  11. Alternatives to GS1 for Obtaining EAN Codes: Exploring alternatives like resellers, online platforms, and local agencies for obtaining EAN codes.
  12. Finding the Best EAN Code Solution for Your Business: Determining the right EAN code acquisition strategy depending on your business needs.

All About EAN Codes and Their Importance

EAN Code Andorra illustrates how the EAN (European Article Number) system operates on a global scale. GS1 actively manages this system, which ensures that every product crossing international borders has a unique identifier. Over 100 countries rely on EAN codes to track and identify goods efficiently.

Businesses that engage in international trade must assign EAN codes to their products. These codes play a critical role in streamlining logistics and improving product traceability. By adopting this system, companies guarantee that their products are correctly identified, no matter where they are shipped or sold. As a result, they meet global standards, enhancing both their credibility and operational efficiency in the global market.

What Is an EAN Code and Why Is It Important?

An EAN code allows businesses to identify and track products globally with ease. These codes play a critical role in retail, supply chain management, and product traceability systems. By using EAN codes, businesses automate inventory management and streamline commercial transactions. As a result, companies can manage their stock more efficiently, reduce errors, and ensure their products are easily traceable from production to sale. This makes EAN codes indispensable for businesses operating in today’s fast-paced global market.

How EAN Codes Are Structured

An EAN-13 code is made up of the following elements:

  • The first 3 digits are the country prefix, representing where the company is registered.
  • The next 9 digits identify the company and its specific product.
  • The final digit is a check digit, calculated to verify the accuracy of the code.

Complete List of EAN Codes by Country (Updated in 2024)

In this section, you’ll find the complete list of 195 countries, highlighting which ones have their own EAN code and which do not. These EAN codes, managed by GS1, are crucial for identifying products in global commerce. By 2024, around 130 countries have been assigned a unique EAN code, while others either share a code with neighboring countries or do not require one. This table allows you to quickly determine if your country has a unique EAN code or shares one.

Countries with Assigned EAN Codes

Below is the list of countries that have been assigned a specific EAN-13 code by GS1. This assignment ensures proper product identification and traceability, helping businesses streamline international trade and manage stock efficiently. By using these codes, companies can ensure their products comply with global standards for accurate identification across borders.

Country EAN-13 Code
Algeria 613
Andorra (with Spain) 84
Argentina 779
Armenia 485
Australia 93
Austria 90 to 91
Belgium 54
Bolivia 777
Brazil 789 to 790
Bulgaria 380
Canada 00 to 13
Chile 780
China 690 to 695
Colombia 770 to 771
Croatia 385
Cyprus 529
Czech Republic 859
Denmark 57
Egypt 622
El Salvador 741
Finland 64
France 300 to 379
Georgia 486
Germany 400 to 440
Greece 520
Honduras 742
Hungary 599
Iceland 569
India 890
Indonesia 899
Iraq 626
Ireland 539
Israel 729
Italy 80 to 83
Japan 45 and 49
Kazakhstan 487
Kenya 616
Latvia 475
Lithuania 477
Luxembourg 54
Malaysia 955
Malta 535
Mexico 750
Netherlands 87
New Zealand 94
Nicaragua 743
North Macedonia 531
Norway 70
Panama 745
Paraguay 784
Peru 775
Philippines 480
Poland 590
Portugal 560
Romania 594
Russia 460 to 469
Saudi Arabia 628
Serbia 860
Singapore 888
Slovakia 858
Slovenia 383
South Africa 600 to 601
South Korea 880
Spain (with Andorra) 84
Sri Lanka 479
Sweden 73
Switzerland 76
Taiwan 471
Thailand 885
Tunisia 619
Turkey 869
Ukraine 482
United Kingdom 50
United States 00 to 13
Venezuela 759
Vietnam 893

Countries Without Assigned EAN Codes

On the other hand, several countries have not been assigned their own EAN code. In many cases, these countries either do not participate extensively in international trade, or they share a code with a larger neighboring country. For businesses or consumers looking to identify whether their country has a unique EAN code, here is the list of countries that do not have a dedicated EAN code:

Country EAN-13 Code
Afghanistan Not assigned
Albania Not assigned
Antigua and Barbuda Not assigned
Aruba Not assigned
Bahamas Not assigned
Barbados Not assigned
Belize Not assigned
Bhutan Not assigned
Botswana Not assigned
Burundi Not assigned
Cape Verde Not assigned
Central African Republic Not assigned
Chad Not assigned
Comoros Not assigned
Congo (Brazzaville) Not assigned
Congo (Kinshasa) Not assigned
Djibouti Not assigned
Dominica Not assigned
East Timor Not assigned
Eritrea Not assigned
Eswatini (Swaziland) Not assigned
Fiji Not assigned
Gabon Not assigned
Gambia Not assigned
Grenada Not assigned
Guinea Not assigned
Guinea-Bissau Not assigned
Guyana Not assigned
Haiti Not assigned
Jamaica Not assigned
Kiribati Not assigned
Laos Not assigned
Lesotho Not assigned
Liberia Not assigned
Libya Not assigned
Madagascar Not assigned
Maldives Not assigned
Mali Not assigned
Mauritania Not assigned
Micronesia Not assigned
Monaco Not assigned (Shares with France)
Mongolia Not assigned
Montenegro Not assigned
Mozambique Not assigned
Myanmar Not assigned
Namibia Not assigned
Nepal Not assigned
Niger Not assigned
Palau Not assigned
Papua New Guinea Not assigned
Rwanda Not assigned
Samoa Not assigned
Sao Tome and Principe Not assigned
Seychelles Not assigned
Sierra Leone Not assigned
Solomon Islands Not assigned
Somalia Not assigned
South Sudan Not assigned
St Kitts and Nevis Not assigned
St Lucia Not assigned
St Vincent and Grenadines Not assigned
Sudan Not assigned
Suriname Not assigned
Syria Not assigned
Tonga Not assigned
Turkmenistan Not assigned
Tuvalu Not assigned
Uganda Not assigned
Uzbekistan Not assigned
Vanuatu Not assigned
Yemen Not assigned
Zambia Not assigned
Zimbabwe Not assigned

In summary, as of 2024, 130 countries have been officially assigned EAN codes, while the remaining countries either share a code with another nation or have not yet been assigned a code. This distinction helps businesses and consumers understand the status of EAN codes for their respective countries, ensuring that products are correctly identified and managed in the international market.

Why Does Andorra Share Its EAN Code with Spain?

Andorra, though a co-principality with both France and Spain, actively chooses to share Spain’s EAN 84 code rather than having its own unique code. This decision is primarily driven by practical and economic factors.

First and foremost, Andorra maintains strong economic ties with Spain. Over the years, Andorra has relied on Spain for the majority of its imports, including essential goods such as food, fuel, and other products. This long-standing relationship naturally led Andorran businesses to align themselves more closely with Spain in terms of trade and logistics.

In addition, the small size of Andorra’s market makes it less feasible to maintain a unique EAN code. With a relatively small population and limited market activity, it isn’t cost-effective for Andorra to have its own system. Sharing Spain’s code helps reduce costs and streamline processes, enabling Andorran companies to integrate smoothly into Spain’s commercial network.

Moreover, logistical efficiency plays a critical role in this choice. By using Spain’s well-established commercial infrastructure, Andorra simplifies its logistics and stock management processes. This allows Andorran businesses to focus on their core operations without worrying about managing separate systems for product identification. As a result, they ensure compliance with global trade standards and enhance their ability to participate in international markets.

In the end, Andorra’s decision to share the EAN code with Spain reflects practical realities and strategic choices. Leveraging Spain’s infrastructure for logistics and distribution, Andorran companies enjoy smoother operations, lower costs, and easier access to global markets, all while ensuring that their products meet international standards for identification and trade.

Examples of Valid EAN Codes for Andorra

For Andorra, the EAN-13 code starts with 84. Here are some examples of valid EAN codes for products registered in Andorra:

  • 8400000000012
  • 8400000000029
  • 8400000000036

These codes follow the standard EAN-13 structure, with the prefix “84” indicating Andorra/Spain, followed by a product reference number and a calculated check digit.

How the Shared EAN Code Works

GS1 manages the EAN 84 code that Andorra shares with Spain. Andorran companies register their products for international trade and use Spain’s infrastructure to handle logistics and distribution. This setup ensures that Andorran businesses can efficiently enter global markets without needing their own EAN code.

Other small countries, such as Monaco and San Marino, also share EAN codes with larger neighbors like France and Italy. They benefit from the same logistics and distribution advantages, which simplifies their participation in international trade. By sharing these codes, smaller nations ensure full compliance with global standards, while avoiding the complexities of managing their own code.

Benefits of Sharing the Code

There are several advantages to Andorra sharing its EAN code with Spain:

  • Simplified Trade: Andorran products can move freely between Andorra and Spain without needing recoding.
  • Cost Reduction: Companies in Andorra avoid the expense of obtaining and managing a separate EAN code.
  • Efficient Stock Management: Sharing a code allows businesses to use the same product tracking systems as Spanish companies.

How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes

Ensuring that your EAN or UPC codes are valid is essential for avoiding errors in product tracking and inventory management. This section explains how to verify codes by calculating the check digit and ensuring compliance with international standards.

Differences Between EAN and UPC Codes

  • UPC (Universal Product Code): This is a 12-digit barcode primarily used in North America.
  • EAN (European Article Number): A 13-digit barcode used internationally, particularly in Europe.

Both codes refer to the same products, but the EAN adds a digit to comply with global standards.

Steps to Verify EAN Codes Using the Check Digit

You can verify the validity of an EAN code by calculating its check digit. Let’s take the example of the EAN code 0659436219502 and follow these steps:

  1. Multiply the digits:
    • Multiply the odd-positioned digits (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.) by 1.
    • Multiply the even-positioned digits (2nd, 4th, 6th, etc.) by 3.
  2. Add the results: Add the results of your multiplications:
    • (0 * 1) + (6 * 3) + (5 * 1) + (9 * 3) + (4 * 1) + (3 * 3) + (6 * 1) + (2 * 3) + (1 * 1) + (9 * 3) + (5 * 1) + (0 * 3) = 110.
  3. Determine the check digit:
    • Find the number that, when added to your total, will make it a multiple of 10.
    • In this case, the total is 110, which is already a multiple of 10, so the check digit is 0.
  4. Confirm the code:
    • With the check digit 0, the full EAN code 0659436219502 is valid.

How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes

Verifying the validity of your EAN or UPC codes is essential for preventing errors in product tracking and inventory management. To confirm that your codes are correct, you can calculate the check digit. This simple process confirms whether the code follows the proper structure. However, to ensure full compliance with global standards, you should consider using tools like Verified by GS1.

By using GS1’s verification service, you can easily check if your product’s code is registered and recognized worldwide. This step not only guarantees that your EAN or UPC code meets international standards, but it also enhances your credibility in the market. As a result, you can ensure smooth operations across the supply chain, minimizing the risk of errors and maintaining trust with your partners and customers.

UPC and EAN: Differences and Correspondence for Andorran Products

While UPC and EAN codes differ in length, they both identify the same product globally. The UPC code typically consists of 12 digits, mainly used in North America, while the EAN code has 13 digits and is used internationally, including in Andorra, which shares the EAN 84 code with Spain.

Here’s how UPC and EAN codes correspond for the same Andorran product:

Product UPC EAN (Andorra)
Andorran Product 1 012345678905 84012345678905
Andorran Product 2 123456789012 84123456789012
Andorran Product 3 234567890123 84234567890123

In these examples, you can see that the EAN codes begin with 84, representing Andorra/Spain, and are structured similarly to UPC codes, with the addition of an extra digit to comply with international standards.

Alternatives to GS1 for Obtaining EAN Codes

While GS1 is the global authority responsible for assigning EAN codes, there are several alternative methods to obtain these codes. These options are often better suited for small businesses or start-ups that may be looking for more cost-effective solutions. Let’s explore these alternatives and their advantages.

EAN Code Resellers

First, you can consider purchasing EAN codes from resellers. These resellers buy unused EAN codes from GS1 and then sell them at a reduced price. As a result, this option can be much more affordable. However, you need to keep in mind that these codes might not be registered under your company in the GS1 database, which could lead to potential issues when it comes to product traceability.

Online Platforms

Another convenient option involves using online platforms like Nationwide Barcode and Buyabarcode.com, which provide EAN codes quickly and at a lower cost. In this case, you benefit from faster access to the codes. However, because these codes might not be directly linked to your company in the official GS1 system, this could cause traceability challenges with larger retailers or international partners.

Local or Regional Solutions

In some regions, local agencies offer EAN codes specifically for use within that country or area. These local solutions are usually cheaper, making them a good choice for businesses that operate regionally. On the downside, these codes may not be recognized internationally, limiting your opportunities for global trade.

Finding the Best EAN Code Solution for Your Business

When you sell products internationally or work with large retailers, obtaining your EAN codes directly from GS1 ensures full recognition and traceability across global markets. This choice provides the highest level of confidence that your products will meet international standards. It helps your business thrive in a competitive environment.

On the other hand, if your business operates primarily in local or regional markets, you should consider exploring more affordable alternatives. You could turn to EAN resellers or local agencies, which offer flexibility at a lower cost. These options still allow you to meet the needs of smaller markets. At the same time, they give you room to scale when necessary. In many cases, this approach proves more cost-effective for businesses that don’t require global compliance right away.

Throughout this guide, you’ve discovered how EAN codes work and learned why Andorra shares the 84 code with Spain. You’ve also found out how to verify code validity. Whether you run a small business with local reach or a large enterprise with global aspirations, understanding the best approach to EAN code acquisition empowers you to make the right decision for your business. In the end, choosing the right path sets your products up for success. It ensures they can be tracked and managed smoothly, no matter where they are sold.

Russian Espionage Hacking Tools Revealed

Operation Dual Face - Russian Espionage Hacking Tools in a high-tech cybersecurity control room showing Russian involvement
Jacques Gascuel provides an in-depth analysis of Russian espionage hacking tools in the “Digital Security” topic, focusing on their technical details, legal implications, and global cybersecurity impact. Regular updates keep you informed about the evolving threats, defense strategies from companies like Freemindtronic, and their influence on international cybersecurity practices and regulations.

Russian Espionage: How Western Hacking Tools Were Turned Against Their Makers

Russian espionage hacking tools came into focus on August 29, 2024, when operatives linked to the SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia) adapted and weaponized Western-developed spyware. This espionage campaign specifically targeted Mongolian government officials. The subject explored in this “Digital Security” topic delves into the technical details, methods used, global implications, and strategies nations can implement to detect and protect against such sophisticated threats.

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Russian Espionage Hacking Tools: Discovery and Initial Findings

Russian espionage hacking tools were uncovered by Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) on August 29, 2024, during an investigation prompted by unusual activity on Mongolian government websites. These sites had been compromised for several months. Russian hackers, linked to the SVR, embedded sophisticated malware into these sites to target the credentials of government officials, particularly those from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Compromised Websites can be accessed at the Government of Mongolia. It’s recommended to use secure, up-to-date devices when visiting.

Historical Context of Espionage

Espionage has been a fundamental part of statecraft for centuries. The practice dates back to ancient civilizations, with documented use in places like ancient China and Egypt, where it played a vital role in military and political strategies. In modern times, espionage continues to be a key tool for nations to protect their interests, gather intelligence, and navigate the complex web of international relations.

Despite its prevalence, espionage remains largely unregulated by international law. Countries develop or acquire various tools and technologies to conduct espionage, often pushing the boundaries of legality and ethics. This lack of regulation means that espionage is widely accepted, if not officially sanctioned, as a necessary element of national security.

Global Dynamics of Cyber Espionage

In the evolving landscape of cyber espionage, the relationships between nation-states are far from straightforward. While Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) has notoriously employed cyberattacks against Western nations, it’s critical to note that these tactics aren’t limited to clear-cut adversaries. Recently, Chinese Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups have targeted Russian systems. This development underscores that cyber espionage transcends traditional geopolitical boundaries, illustrating that even ostensibly neutral or allied nations may engage in sophisticated cyber operations against one another. Even countries that appear neutral or allied on the global stage engage in sophisticated cyber operations against one another. This complexity underscores a broader trend in cyber espionage, where alliances in the physical world do not always translate to cyberspace. Consider splitting complex sentences like this to improve readability: “As a result, this growing web of cyber operations challenges traditional perceptions of global espionage. It compels nations to reassess their understanding of cyber threats, which may come from unexpected directions. Nations must now consider potential cyber threats from all fronts, including those from unexpected quarters.

Recent Developments in Cyber Espionage

Add a transitional sentence before this, such as “In recent months, the landscape of cyber espionage has evolved, with new tactics emerging that underscore the ongoing threat. APT29, known for its persistent cyber operations, has recently weaponized Western-developed spyware tools, turning them against their original creators. This alarming trend exemplifies the adaptive nature of cyber threats. In particular, the group’s activities have exploited new vulnerabilities within the Mongolian government’s digital infrastructure, demonstrating their ongoing commitment to cyber espionage. Moreover, these developments signal a critical need for continuous vigilance and adaptation in cybersecurity measures. As hackers refine their methods, the importance of staying informed about the latest tactics cannot be overstated. This topic brings the most current insights into focus, ensuring that readers understand the immediacy and relevance of these cyber threats in today’s interconnected world.

Who Are the Russian Hackers?

The SVR (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki), Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service, manages intelligence and espionage operations outside Russia. It succeeded the First Chief Directorate (FCD) of the KGB and operates directly under the president’s oversight. For more information, you can visit their official website.

APT29, also known as Cozy Bear, is the group responsible for this operation. With a history of conducting sophisticated cyber espionage campaigns, APT29 has consistently targeted governmental, diplomatic, and security institutions worldwide. Their persistent activities have made APT29 a significant threat to global cybersecurity.

Methodology: How Russian Espionage Hacking Tools Were Deployed

Compromise Procedure:

  1. Initial Breach:
    To begin with, APT29 gained unauthorized access to several official Mongolian government websites between November 2023 and July 2024. The attackers exploited known vulnerabilities that had, unfortunately, remained effective on outdated systems, even though patches were available from major vendors such as Google and Apple. Furthermore, the tools used in these attacks included commercial spyware similar to those developed by companies like NSO Group and Intellexa, which had been adapted and weaponized by Russian operatives.
  2. Embedding Malicious Code:
    Subsequently, after gaining access, the attackers embedded sophisticated JavaScript code into the compromised web pages. In particular, this malicious code was meticulously designed to harvest login credentials, cookies, and other sensitive information from users visiting these sites. Moreover, the tools employed were part of a broader toolkit adapted from commercial surveillance software, which APT29 had repurposed to advance the objectives of Operation Dual Face.
  3. Data Exfiltration:
    Finally, once the data was collected, Russian operatives exfiltrated it to SVR-controlled servers. As a result, they were able to infiltrate email accounts and secure communications of Mongolian government officials. Thus, the exfiltrated data provided valuable intelligence to the SVR, furthering Russia’s geopolitical objectives in the region.

Detecting Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

Effective detection of Russian espionage hacking tools requires vigilance. Governments must constantly monitor their websites for unusual activity. Implement advanced threat detection tools that can identify and block malicious scripts. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments are essential to protect against these threats.

Enhancing Defense Against Operation Dual Face with Advanced Cybersecurity Tools

In response to sophisticated espionage threats like Operation Dual Face, it is crucial to deploy advanced cybersecurity solutions. Russian operatives have reverse-engineered and adapted elements from Western-developed hacking tools to advance their own cyber espionage goals, making robust defense strategies more necessary than ever. Products like DataShielder NFC HSM Master, PassCypher NFC HSM Master, PassCypher HSM PGP Password Manager, and DataShielder HSM PGP Encryption offer robust defenses against the types of vulnerabilities exploited in this operation.

DataShielder NFC HSM secures communications with AES-256 CBC encryption, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive emails and documents. This level of encryption would have protected the Mongolian government’s communications from interception. PassCypher NFC HSM provides strong defenses against phishing and credential theft, two tactics prominently used in Operation Dual Face. Its automatic URL sandboxing feature protects against phishing attacks, while its NFC HSM integration ensures that even if attackers gain entry, they cannot extract stored credentials without the NFC HSM device.

DataShielder HSM PGP Encryption revolutionizes secure communication for businesses and governmental entities worldwide. Designed for Windows and macOS, this tool operates serverless and without databases, enhancing security and user privacy. It offers seamless encryption directly within web browsers like Chromium and Firefox, making it an indispensable tool in advanced security solutions. With its flexible licensing system, users can choose from various options, including hourly or lifetime licenses, ensuring cost-effective and transient usage on any third-party computer.

Additionally, DataShielder NFC HSM Auth offers a formidable defense against identity fraud and CEO fraud. This device ensures that sensitive communications, especially in high-risk environments, remain secure and tamper-proof. It is particularly effective in preventing unauthorized wire transfers and protecting against Business Email Compromise (BEC).

These tools provide advanced encryption and authentication features that directly address the weaknesses exploited in Operation Dual Face. By integrating them into their cybersecurity strategies, nations can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to similar cyber espionage campaigns in the future.

Global Reactions to Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

Russia’s espionage activities, particularly their use of Western hacking tools, have sparked significant diplomatic tensions. Mongolia, backed by several allied nations, called for an international inquiry into the breach. Online forums and cybersecurity communities have actively discussed the implications. Many experts emphasize the urgent need for improved global cyber norms and cooperative defense strategies to combat Russian espionage hacking tools.

Global Strategy of Russian Cyber Espionage

Russian espionage hacking tools, prominently featured in the operation against Mongolia, are part of a broader global strategy. The SVR, leveraging the APT29 group (also known as Cozy Bear), has conducted cyber espionage campaigns across multiple countries, including North America and Europe. These campaigns often target key sectors, with industries like biotechnology frequently under threat. When mentioning specific industries, ensure accurate references based on the most recent data or reports. If this is speculative or generalized, it may be appropriate to state, “…and key industries, including, but not limited to, biotechnology.”

The Historical Context of Espionage

Espionage is a practice as old as nations themselves. Countries worldwide have relied on it for centuries. The first documented use of espionage dates back to ancient civilizations, where it played a vital role in statecraft, particularly in ancient China and Egypt. In modern times, nations continue to employ espionage to safeguard their interests. Despite its widespread use, espionage remains largely unregulated by international law. Like many other nations, Russia develops or acquires espionage tools as part of its strategy to protect and advance its national interests.

Mongolia’s Geopolitical Significance

Mongolia’s geopolitical importance, particularly its position between Russia and China, likely made it a target for espionage. The SVR probably sought to gather intelligence not only on Mongolia but also on its interactions with Western nations. This broader strategy aligns with Russia’s ongoing efforts to extend its geopolitical influence through cyber means.

The Need for International Cooperation

The persistence of these operations, combined with the sophisticated methods employed, underscores the critical need for international cooperation in cybersecurity. As espionage remains a common and historically accepted practice among nations, the development and use of these tools are integral to national security strategies globally. However, the potential risks associated with their misuse emphasize the importance of vigilance and robust cybersecurity measures.

Global Reach of Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

In the evolving landscape of modern cyber espionage, Russian hacking tools have increasingly gained significant attention. Specifically, while Mongolia was targeted in the operation uncovered on August 29, 2024, it is important to recognize that this activity forms part of a broader, more concerning pattern. To confirm these findings, it is essential to reference authoritative reports and articles. For instance, according to detailed accounts by the UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the SVR, acting through APT29 (Cozy Bear), has executed cyber espionage campaigns across multiple countries. These reports highlight the SVR’s extensive involvement in global cyber espionage, which significantly reinforces the credibility of these claims. Moreover, these operations frequently target governmental institutions, critical infrastructure, and key industries, such as biotechnology.

Given Mongolia’s strategic location between Russia and China, it was likely selected as a target for specific reasons. The SVR may have aimed to gather intelligence on Mongolia’s diplomatic relations, especially its interactions with Western nations. This broader strategy aligns closely with Russia’s ongoing efforts to extend its geopolitical influence through cyber means.

The sophistication and persistence of these operations clearly underscore the urgent need for international cooperation in cybersecurity. As nations continue to develop and deploy these tools, the global community must, therefore, remain vigilant and proactive in addressing the formidable challenges posed by cyber espionage.

Historical Context and Comparative Analysis

Historical Precedents
Russia’s use of reverse-engineered spyware mirrors previous incidents involving Chinese state-sponsored actors who adapted Western tools for cyber espionage. This pattern highlights the growing challenge of controlling the spread and misuse of advanced cyber tools in international espionage. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated global responses.

Future Implications and Predictions

Long-Term Impact
The proliferation of surveillance technologies continues to pose a significant threat to global cybersecurity. Nations must urgently collaborate to establish robust international agreements. These agreements will govern the sale, distribution, and use of such tools. Doing so will help prevent their misuse by hostile states.

Visual and Interactive Elements

Operation Dual Face: Timeline and Attack Flow

Timeline:
This visual representation spans from November 2023, marking the initial breach, to the discovery of the cyberattack in August 2024. The timeline highlights the critical stages of the operation, showcasing the progression and impact of the attack.

Attack Flow:
The flowchart details the attackers’ steps, showing the process from exploiting vulnerabilities, embedding malicious code, to exfiltrating data.

Global Impact:
A map (if applicable) displays the geographical spread of APT29’s activities, highlighting other nations potentially affected by similar tactics.

A detailed timeline illustrating the stages of the Operation Dual Face cyberattack, from the initial breach in November 2023 to the discovery in August 2024.
The timeline of Operation Dual Face showcases the critical stages from the initial breach to the discovery of the cyberattack, highlighting the progression and impact of the attack.

Moving Forward

The Russian adaptation and deployment of Western-developed spyware in Operation Dual Face underscore the significant risks posed by the uncontrolled proliferation of cyber-surveillance tools. The urgent need for international collaboration is clear. Establishing ethical guidelines and strict controls is essential, especially as these technologies continue to evolve and pose new threats.

For further insights on the spyware tools involved, please refer to the detailed articles:

Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année : Freemindtronic Finaliste aux National Cyber Awards 2024

Certificat de finaliste du DataShielder Auth NFC HSM pour le Produit de Cyberdéfense de l'Année 2024 aux National Cyber Awards

COMMUNIQUÉ DE PRESSE – DataShielder Auth NFC HSM conçu en Andorre par Freemindtronic Finaliste pour le Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année 2024!

Les National Cyber Awards 2024 célèbrent l’excellence des produits de cyberdéfense de l’année avec BAE Systems comme sponsor principal

Escaldes-Engordany, Andorre, 5 août 2024 – Cyber Defence Product of the Year, Freemindtronic Andorra, finaliste, annonce avec fierté sa sélection pour ce prestigieux prix aux National Cyber Awards 2024. Ces prix, désormais dans leur sixième édition, honorent les contributions et les réalisations exceptionnelles dans le domaine de la cybersécurité.

Alors que les menaces numériques s’intensifient, la cybersécurité devient de plus en plus cruciale. Les cyberattaques, y compris le vol d’identité, les ordres de transfert falsifiés, le vol de données sensibles, l’espionnage industriel à distance et de proximité, ainsi que le vol d’informations sensibles sur les téléphones (comme les SMS, les mots de passe, les codes 2FA, les certificats et les clés secrètes), présentent des risques extrêmement préjudiciables pour les entreprises, les gouvernements et les individus à l’échelle mondiale. Les National Cyber Awards, reconnus comme un gage d’excellence, établissent des normes dans l’industrie. Ils sont conçus pour encourager l’innovation, la résilience et la dévotion à la protection du paysage numérique. Ils favorisent l’amélioration continue et l’adoption des meilleures pratiques à l’échelle mondiale.

Cette année, les National Cyber Awards 2024 visent à récompenser ceux qui s’engagent en faveur de l’innovation cybernétique, de la réduction de la cybercriminalité et de la protection des citoyens en ligne. Gordon Corera, le célèbre correspondant de sécurité de la BBC, apporte son immense expertise à cet événement. Il couvre des questions critiques comme le terrorisme, la cybersécurité, l’espionnage et diverses préoccupations de sécurité mondiale. Il note que l’événement de 2024 promet une célébration de l’excellence et de l’innovation au sein de l’industrie de la cybersécurité. Cela offre des perspectives uniques d’une des voix principales de la sécurité internationale.

National Cyber Awards maintient l’Intégrité et l’Équité pour tous ses trophées

Leur jury indépendant maintient l’intégrité du processus d’évaluation des National Cyber Awards en adhérant à un code de conduite strict. Cela garantit un processus d’évaluation juste, transparent et rigoureux. Ils s’engagent pour empêcher toute pratique de paiement pour concourir. Ceci est essentiel pour maintenir les normes les plus élevées d’impartialité dans leurs récompenses.

La cérémonie de remise des prix comprend des catégories telles que les Services de Police et d’Application de la Loi, le Service Public, l’Innovation et la Défense, la Cyber dans les Entreprises, l’Éducation et l’Apprentissage. Les nominés et les lauréats seront célébrés pour leur impact significatif sur la sécurisation du cyberespace contre les menaces en constante évolution.

Freemindtronic Andorre a été sélectionné par le jury comme finaliste pour le Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année avec notre produit, DataShielder Auth NFC HSM.

Les organisateurs de l’événement nous ont notifié:

“Nous sommes ravis de vous informer que vous avez été sélectionné par notre panel de juges comme finaliste pour le Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année 2024! Il s’agit d’une réalisation exceptionnelle, compte tenu des centaines de candidatures que nous avons reçues cette année. Félicitations de la part de toute l’équipe des National Cyber Awards!”

Le dirigean de Freemindtronic déclare:

“Nous nous sentons honorés et reconnaissants d’être reconnus parmi les leaders de la cybersécurité. Être finaliste valide notre engagement envers l’innovation et la protection des données sensibles et des identités numériques contre les menaces en constante évolution, désormais assistées par l’intelligence artificielle. Nous sommes très honorés et fiers d’être nommés parmi les finalistes représentant le 10e plus petit pays du monde, Andorre, en tant qu’acteur industriel de la cyberdéfense. Au nom de l’équipe de Freemindtronic et de moi-même, nous félicitons tous les autres finalistes.”

Jacques Gascuel, PDG et Chef de la Recherche et du Développement, concepteur de solutions de contre-espionnage et détenteur de brevets au Royaume-Uni, sera présent à la cérémonie d’annonce des lauréats.

Cette deuxième nomination pour notre entreprise andorrane Freemindtronic par le jury des National Cyber Awards marque un autre jalon dans la conception et la fabrication de produits de contre-espionnage d’usage civil et militaire accessibles à tous. Nous avons été précédemment reconnus en 2021 comme “Highly Commended at National Cyber Awards” et finalistes pour deux années consécutives en 2021.

Message du Premier Ministre du Royaume-Uni pour les National Cyber Awards 2024

L’Honorable Keir Starmer, Premier Ministre du Royaume-Uni, commente les prix: “Les National Cyber Awards sont une merveilleuse façon de récompenser, de célébrer et de mettre en valeur le travail de ceux qui s’engagent à nous protéger. Veuillez transmettre mes plus chaleureuses félicitations aux lauréats qui sont une source d’inspiration pour tous ceux du secteur qui souhaitent protéger les autres.”

Les National Cyber Awards auront lieu à Londres le 23 septembre, la veille de l’Expo Cybernétique Internationale annuelle.

Les organisateurs félicitent tous les autres finalistes et attendent avec impatience de célébrer cet événement international avec nous le 23 septembre lors de la cérémonie de remise des prix! Si vous souhaitez vous joindre à nous pour une soirée de célébration et d’excitation, vous pouvez acheter des billets et des tables pour l’événement via le site web à l’adresse www.thenationalcyberawards.org.

Notes aux Rédacteurs

Qu’est-ce que les National Cyber Awards?

Les National Cyber Awards ont débuté en 2019 dans le but de célébrer l’excellence et l’innovation parmi ceux qui se consacrent à la cybersécurité. En effet, ces prix mettent en lumière les réalisations exceptionnelles de professionnels, d’entreprises et d’éducateurs des secteurs privé et public. D’ailleurs, des leaders de l’industrie, passionnés par l’élévation du domaine de la cybersécurité, ont conçu ces prix. Ainsi, ils reconnaissent et inspirent l’engagement à relever les défis en constante évolution de la cybersécurité.

En ce qui concerne leur mission, elle est d’identifier et de célébrer les contributions exceptionnelles dans le domaine. En outre, nous aspirons à fournir un critère d’excellence auquel tout le monde peut aspirer. De plus, nous envisageons un avenir où chaque innovation en cybersécurité internationale est reconnue et célébrée. Cette reconnaissance encourage l’amélioration continue et l’adoption des meilleures pratiques à l’échelle mondiale. Grâce au soutien de nos sponsors, la participation aux prix reste gratuite. En conséquence, chaque finaliste reçoit un billet gratuit pour la cérémonie, minimisant les barrières à l’entrée et rendant la participation accessible à tous.

http://www.thenationalcyberawards.org

Contact: Future Tech Events, Fergus Bruce, info@futuretechevents.com

Finalistes 2024 pour les National Cyber Awards dans la catégorie “Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année 2024”

Résumé du Candidat

  • Produit: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM
  • Catégorie: Produit de Cyberdéfense de l’Année 2024
  • Nom: Jacques Gascuel
  • Entreprise: Freemindtronic
  • Courriel: contact at freemindtronic.com
  • Biographie de l’Entreprise: Freemindtronic se distingue par sa spécialisation dans la conception, l’édition et la fabrication de solutions de contre-espionnage. En effet, notre dernière innovation, le DataShielder Auth NFC HSM, sert de solution de contre-espionnage à double usage pour les applications civiles et militaires. Notamment, nous avons présenté cette solution pour la première fois au public le 17 juin 2024 à Eurosatory 2024. Plus précisément, elle combat activement le vol d’identité, l’espionnage et l’accès aux données et messages sensibles et classifiés grâce au chiffrement post-quantum AES 256 CBC. De surcroît, elle fonctionne hors ligne, sans serveurs, sans bases de données, et sans nécessiter que les utilisateurs s’identifient ou changent leurs habitudes de stockage de données sensibles, de services de messagerie ou de protocoles de communication, tout en évitant les coûts d’infrastructure. C’est pourquoi nous avons spécialement conçu le DataShielder Auth NFC HSM pour combiner sécurité et discrétion. Concrètement, il se présente sous deux formes pratiques : une carte de la taille d’une carte de crédit et une étiquette NFC discrète. D’une part, la carte se glisse facilement dans un portefeuille, à côté de vos cartes bancaires NFC, et protège physiquement contre l’accès illicite. D’autre part, vous pouvez attacher l’étiquette NFC, similaire à un badge d’accès RFID, à un porte-clés ou la cacher dans un objet personnel. Ainsi, cette approche garantit que vous ayez toujours votre DataShielder Auth NFC HSM à portée de main, prêt à sécuriser vos communications, authentifier les collaborateurs et valider les donneurs d’ordres, le tout sans attirer l’attention.

Caractéristiques Additionnelles du Produit

  • Compatibilité avec Divers Systèmes de Communication: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM est compatible avec plusieurs systèmes de communication, y compris les e-mails, les chats, les webmails, les SMS, les MMS, les RCS et les services de messagerie instantanée publics et privés. Cette compatibilité universelle permet une intégration parfaite dans les environnements de communication existants. Cela assure une protection continue sans modifications significatives de l’infrastructure.
  • Protection Contre les Attaques Assistées par IA: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM fournit une protection avancée contre les attaques sophistiquées assistées par IA. Avec un chiffrement robuste et une authentification forte, le produit élimine les risques posés par les tentatives de vol d’identité utilisant des techniques avancées d’ingénierie sociale. Ainsi, il assure une sécurité améliorée pour les utilisateurs.
  • Méthodes de Gestion des Clés: Le produit utilise des modules de sécurité matériels dotés de la technologie NFC pour créer et gérer les clés de manière sécurisée. Les dispositifs DataShielder stockent de manière sécurisée les clés de chiffrement générées aléatoirement. Le système fonctionne sans serveurs ni bases de données. Cela offre un anonymat de bout en bout et réduit significativement les points potentiels de vulnérabilité.

Les produits DataShielder NFC HSM sont disponibles exclusivement en France à travers AMG Pro et internationalement à travers Fullsecure Andorra.

Nous remercions tous les membres du jury pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont montré envers notre dernier produit révolutionnaire, le DataShielder NFC HSM.

Jury des National Cyber Awards

  • Mary Haigh: CISO, BAE Systems
  • Rachael Muldoon: Avocate, Maitland Chambers
  • Shariff Gardner: Chef de la Défense, Militaire et Application de la Loi, Royaume-Uni, Irlande et Pays Nordiques, SANS Institute
  • Damon Hayes: Commandant Régional, National Crime Agency
  • Miriam Howe: Responsable de la Consultation Internationale, BAE Systems Digital Intelligence
  • Myles Stacey OBE: Conseiller Spécial du Premier Ministre, 10 Downing Street
  • Daniel Patefield: Chef de Programme, Cyber & National Security, techUK
  • Sir Dermot Turing: Administrateur, Bletchley Park Trust
  • Nicola Whiting MBE: Présidente du Jury
  • Oz Alashe MBE: PDG et Fondateur, CybSafe
  • Professeure Liz Bacon: Principale et Vice-Chancelière, Université d’Abertay
  • Richard Beck: Directeur de la Cybersécurité, QA
  • Martin Borret: Directeur Technique, IBM Security
  • Bronwyn Boyle: CISO, PPRO
  • Charlotte Clayson: Associée, Trowers & Hamlins LLP
  • Pete Cooper: Fondateur, Aerospace Village
  • Professeur Danny Dresner: Professeur de Cybersécurité, Université de Manchester
  • Ian Dyson QPM DL: Police de la Ville de Londres
  • Mike Fell OBE: Directeur de la Cybersécurité, NHS England
  • Tukeer Hussain: Responsable de la Stratégie, Département de la Culture, des Médias et des Sports
  • Dr Bob Nowill: Président, Cyber Security Challenge
  • Chris Parker MBE: Directeur, Gouvernement, Fortinet (Cybersécurité)
  • Dr Emma Philpott MBE: PDG, IASME Consortium Ltd
  • Peter Stuart Smith: Auteur
  • Rajinder Tumber MBE: Chef de l’Équipe de Consultance en Sécurité, Sky
  • Saba Ahmed: Directrice Générale, Accenture Security
  • Charles White: Directeur, The Cyber Scheme
  • Professeure Lisa Short: Areta Business Performance / XTCC
  • Emma Wright: Associée, Harbottle & Lewis LLP
  • Dr Budgie Dhanda MBE: Consultant en Gestion, PA Consulting
  • Jacqui Garrad: Directrice du Musée National de l’Informatique
  • Dr Vasileios Karagiannopoulos: Codirecteur du Centre de Cybercriminalité et Criminalité Économique, Université de Portsmouth
  • Debbie Tunstall: Directrice de Compte, Immersive Labs
  • Sarah Montague: HMRC

Découvrez nos autres distinctions, y compris notre reconnaissance en tant que finaliste en solution de Cyberdéfense de l’Année 2024, aux côtés de nos trophées et des médailles d’argent et d’or que nous avons remportées au cours de la dernière décennie. 🏆🌟👇

NEWS PROVIDED BY
The National Cyber ​​Awards 2024
August 2024

Autres langues disponibles : catalan et anglais. [Cliquez ici pour le catalan] [Cliquez ici pour l’anglais]

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Cyber Defence Product of the Year: Freemindtronic Finalist at National Cyber Awards 2024

DataShielder Auth NFC HSM by Freemindtronic – Finalist for Cyber Defence Product of the Year 2024

PRESS RELEASE – DataShielder Auth NFC HSM Made in Andorra by Freemindtronic Finalist for Cyber Defence Product of the Year 2024!

Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra, August 5, 2024 – Freemindtronic Andorra proudly announces that its DataShielder Auth NFC HSM has been selected as a finalist for the prestigious Cyber Defence Product of the Year award at the National Cyber Awards 2024. This highly regarded event, sponsored by BAE Systems, celebrates excellence in cybersecurity and innovation.

As digital threats continue to evolve, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. Cyber attacks such as identity theft, false transfer orders, theft of sensitive data, remote and proximity industrial espionage, and the interception of sensitive information from devices pose significant risks to businesses, governments, and individuals. The National Cyber Awards, recognized for their rigorous standards, aim to promote innovation, resilience, and best practices worldwide in the fight against these ever-growing threats.

A Notable Presence at the National Cyber Awards 2024

Freemindtronic’s CEO, Jacques Gascuel, attended the awards ceremony in London, proudly representing Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world. Freemindtronic was honored to receive the Silver Certificate as a finalist in the Innovation & Defence category. The company was also thrilled to witness Lisa Ventura MBE, founder of Cyber Security Unity, receive the Highly Commended distinction.

Freemindtronic was the only foreign company to be named a finalist in the UK’s prestigious National Cyber Awards. “We are proud to represent Andorra on the global stage,” said Jacques Gascuel, who also had the honor of gifting The Cyber Trust organizers a NFC vCard DataShielder collector, designed specifically with the logo and robot of the National Cyber Awards 2024. Photos from this moment can be found in the official gallery.

CEO’s Statement:
“We look forward to competing again next year with our upcoming 2025 innovation. I want to thank the organizers for their warm welcome and congratulate all the finalists.”

DataShielder Auth NFC HSM: Among the Top Finalists

Freemindtronic’s DataShielder Auth NFC HSM was selected as a finalist due to its advanced capabilities in safeguarding against identity theft, sensitive data breaches, and industrial espionage. Utilizing AES-256 CBC post-quantum encryption, the device ensures optimal security and operates entirely offline, without the need for servers or databases.

A Special Conversation with Industry Experts

During the event, an insightful discussion took place between Jacques Gascuel, Graham Day of Genesys, and Lisa Ventura (who received the prestigious award). They discussed PassCypher HSM PGP Free, Freemindtronic’s free password manager. Graham Day pointed out that a password manager offering such advanced and comprehensive security for free might be met with skepticism by users, who may find it hard to believe such a solution could truly be free. However, the idea of allowing donations to support its development was seen as a more acceptable approach. They also discussed the paid version of PassCypher HSM PGP, which offers fully automated services with a patented segmented encryption system, sparking conversation about potential partnerships.

Message from the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the Right Honorable Keir Starmer, expressed his support for the National Cyber Awards:
“The National Cyber Awards are a wonderful way to reward, celebrate, and showcase the work of those committed to keeping us safe. Please pass on my warmest congratulations to the winners who are an inspiration to everyone in the sector.”

About the National Cyber Awards

The National Cyber Awards were established in 2019 to celebrate excellence and innovation in cybersecurity. They honor exceptional achievements in both the public and private sectors. These awards highlight the continuous efforts of professionals and organizations dedicated to addressing the ever-changing challenges of cybersecurity.

Innovation and Security with DataShielder Auth NFC HSM – A Finalist for Cyber Defence Product of the Year

The DataShielder Auth NFC HSM provides advanced protection against sophisticated AI-assisted attacks, making it a leader in the fight against digital identity theft and data espionage. Compatible with a variety of communication systems (including emails, SMS, MMS, RCS, and private messaging platforms), this device ensures seamless integration into existing infrastructures while offering robust security.

Freemindtronic’s dedication to privacy and security has been recognized for a second time by the National Cyber Awards. This latest achievement builds upon the company’s previous recognition as a Highly Commended finalist in 2021. The DataShielder Auth NFC HSM remains a dual-use solution for both civilian and military applications.

For more information, visit the official National Cyber Awards 2024 gallery to see Jacques Gascuel showcasing the DataShielder NFC HSM Defense and DataShielder NFC HSM Auth products.

Notes to Editors

What are The National Cyber Awards?

The National Cyber Awards began in 2019 to celebrate excellence and innovation among those dedicated to cybersecurity. These awards highlight the exceptional achievements of professionals, companies, and educators from both the private and public sectors. Industry leaders, passionate about elevating the field of cybersecurity, envisioned these awards. They recognize and inspire commitment to tackling the ever-evolving challenges of cybersecurity.

Our mission is to identify and celebrate outstanding contributions in the field. We aim to provide a benchmark of excellence for everyone to aspire to. We envision a future where every international cybersecurity innovation is recognized and celebrated. This recognition encourages continuous improvement and the adoption of best practices worldwide. With support from our sponsors, participation in the awards remains free. Each finalist receives a complimentary ticket to the ceremony, minimizing barriers to entry and making participation accessible to all.

http://www.thenationalcyberawards.org

Contact: Future Tech Events, Fergus Bruce, info@futuretechevents.com

2024 Finalists for The National Cyber Awards in the Category “Cyber Defence Product of the Year 2024”

Candidate Summary

  • Product: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM
  • Category: Cyber Defence Product of the Year 2024
  • Name: Jacques Gascuel
  • Company: Freemindtronic
  • Email: contact@freemindtronic.com
  • Company Bio: Freemindtronic specializes in designing, publishing, and manufacturing counter-espionage solutions. Our latest innovation, the DataShielder Auth NFC HSM, serves as a dual-use counter-espionage solution for both civilian and military applications. We first presented this solution to the public on June 17, 2024, at Eurosatory 2024. It actively combats identity theft, espionage, and access to sensitive and classified data and messages through AES 256 CBC post-quantum encryption. Furthermore, it operates offline, without servers, without databases, and without needing users to identify themselves or change their habits of storing sensitive data, messaging services, or communication protocols, all while avoiding infrastructure costs.

Additional Product Features

  • Compatibility with Various Communication Systems: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM supports multiple communication systems, including emails, chats, webmails, SMS, MMS, RCS, and both public and private instant messaging services. This universal compatibility allows seamless integration into existing communication environments, ensuring continuous protection without significant infrastructure changes.
  • Protection Against AI-Assisted Attacks: DataShielder Auth NFC HSM provides advanced protection against sophisticated AI-assisted attacks. With robust encryption and strong authentication, the product eliminates risks posed by identity theft attempts using advanced social engineering techniques, ensuring enhanced security for users.
  • Key Management Methods: The product utilizes hardware security modules with NFC technology to securely create and manage keys. The DataShielder devices securely store the randomly generated encryption keys. The system operates without servers or databases, offering end-to-end anonymity and significantly reducing potential points of vulnerability.

DataShielder NFC HSM products are exclusively available in France through AMG Pro and internationally through Fullsecure Andorra.

We thank all the members of the jury for their interest in our latest revolutionary product, the DataShielder NFC HSM.

Judges – The National Cyber Awards

  • Mary Haigh: CISO, BAE Systems
  • Rachael Muldoon: Barrister, Maitland Chambers
  • Shariff Gardner: Head of Defence, Military and Law Enforcement, UK, Ireland & Nordics, SANS Institute
  • Damon Hayes: Regional Commander, National Crime Agency
  • Miriam Howe: Head of International Consulting, BAE Systems Digital Intelligence
  • Myles Stacey OBE: Special Adviser to the Prime Minister, 10 Downing Street
  • Daniel Patefield: Head of Programme, Cyber & National Security, techUK
  • Sir Dermot Turing: Trustee, Bletchley Park Trust
  • Nicola Whiting MBE: Chair of Judges
  • Oz Alashe MBE: CEO & Founder, CybSafe
  • Professor Liz Bacon: Principal & Vice-Chancellor, Abertay University
  • Richard Beck: Director of Cyber, QA
  • Martin Borret: Technical Director, IBM Security
  • Bronwyn Boyle: CISO, PPRO
  • Charlotte Clayson: Partner, Trowers & Hamlins LLP
  • Pete Cooper: Founder, Aerospace Village
  • Professor Danny Dresner: Professor of Cyber Security, University of Manchester
  • Ian Dyson QPM DL: City of London Police
  • Mike Fell OBE: Director of Cyber, NHS England
  • Tukeer Hussain: Strategy Manager, Department for Culture, Media & Sport
  • Dr Bob Nowill: Chair, Cyber Security Challenge
  • Chris Parker MBE: Director, Government, Fortinet (Cybersecurity)
  • Dr Emma Philpott MBE: CEO, IASME Consortium Ltd
  • Peter Stuart Smith: Author
  • Rajinder Tumber MBE: Security Consultancy Team Lead, Sky
  • Saba Ahmed: Managing Director, Accenture Security
  • Charles White: Director, The Cyber Scheme
  • Professor Lisa Short: Areta Business Performance / XTCC
  • Emma Wright: Partner, Harbottle & Lewis LLP
  • Dr Budgie Dhanda MBE: Managing Consultant, PA Consulting
  • Jacqui Garrad: Museum Director, The National Museum of Computing
  • Dr Vasileios Karagiannopoulos: Co-Director of Centre for Cybercrime and Economic Crime, University of Portsmouth
  • Debbie Tunstall: Account Director, Immersive Labs
  • Sarah Montague: HMRC

Explore our additional accolades, including the Cyber Defence Product of the Year finalist recognition, alongside our trophies and the silver and gold medals we’ve earned over the past decade. 🏆🌟👇

NEWS PROVIDED BY
The National Cyber ​​Awards 2024
August 2024

Other languages available: French and Catalan. [Click here for French] [Click here for Catalan]

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End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation – A European Issue

Balance scale showing the balance between privacy and law enforcement in EU regulation of end-to-end encrypted messaging.

The Controversy of End-to-End Messaging Encryption in the European Union

In a world where online privacy is increasingly threatened, the European Union finds itself at the center of a controversy: Reducing the negative effects of end-to-end encryption of messaging services. This technology, which ensures that only the sender and recipient can read the content of messages, is now being questioned by some EU member states.

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Discover our new Cyberculture article about a End-to-End Messaging Encryption European Regulation. Authored by Jacques Gascuel, a pioneer in Contactless, Serverless, Databaseless, Loginless and wireless security solutions. Stay informed and safe by subscribing to our regular updates.

Regulation of Secure Communication in the EU

The European Union is considering measures to regulate secure messaging practices. This technology ensures that only the sender and recipient can read the messages. However, some EU member states are questioning its impact on law enforcement capabilities

Control of Secure Messaging and Fragmentation

If the EU adopts these proposals, it could fragment the digital landscape. Tech companies might need to choose between complying with EU regulations or limiting their encrypted messaging services to users outside the EU. This could negatively affect European users by reducing their access to secure communication tools.

Why the EU Considers End-to-End Messaging Encryption Control

Law enforcement agencies across 32 European states, including the 27 EU member states, are expressing concerns over the deployment of end-to-end encryption by instant messaging apps. Their fear is that this could hinder the detection of illegal activities, as companies are unable to monitor the content of encrypted messages. This concern is one of the key reasons why the EU is considering implementing control over end-to-end message encryption.

Exploring the Details of the Proposed Regulation on Encrypted Messaging

EU Commissioner for Home Affairs, Ylva Johansson, has put forward a proposal that could significantly impact the tech industry. This proposal actively seeks to mandate tech companies to conduct thorough scans of their platforms, extending even to users’ private messages, in an effort to detect any illicit content.

However, this proposal has not been without controversy. It has sown seeds of confusion and concern among cryptographers and privacy advocates alike, primarily due to the potential implications it could have on secure messaging. The balance between ensuring security and preserving privacy remains a complex and ongoing debate in the face of this proposed regulation.

Background of the EU Proposal on Secure Messaging

A significant amount of support can be found among member states for proposals to scan private messages for illegal content, particularly child pornography, as shown in a European Council document. Spain has shown strong support for the ban on end-to-end messaging encryption.

Misunderstanding the Scan Form

Out of the 20 EU countries represented in the document, the majority have declared themselves in favor of some form of scanning encrypted messages. This proposal has caused confusion among cryptographers and privacy advocates due to its potential impact on secure communication protocols.

The Risks of Ending End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Privacy advocates and cryptography experts warn against the inherent risks of weakening encryption. They emphasize that backdoors could be exploited by malicious actors, thus increasing user vulnerability to cyberattacks.

Position of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on Secure Messaging

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has taken a stance on end-to-end messaging encryption. In a ruling dated February 13, the ECHR declared that creating backdoors in end-to-end encrypted messaging services like Telegram and Signal would violate fundamental human rights such as freedom of expression and privacy. This ruling highlights the importance of end-to-end messaging encryption as a tool for protecting privacy and freedom of expression within the context of human rights in Europe.

Messaging Apps’ Stance on End-to-End Encryption Regulation

As the European Union considers implementing control over end-to-end message encryption, several messaging apps have voiced their concerns and positions. Here are the views of major players in the field:

Signal’s Position on End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation

Signal, a secure messaging app known for its commitment to privacy, has taken a strong stance against the proposed regulation. Meredith Whittaker, president of Signal, has described the European legislative proposal as “surveillance wine in security bottles.” In the face of this legislative proposal, Signal has even threatened to cease its activities in Europe. Despite this, Whittaker affirmed that the company would stay in Europe to support the right to privacy of European citizens.

WhatsApp’s Concerns on End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation

WhatsApp, another major player in the messaging app field, has also expressed concerns about the proposed regulation. Helen Charles, a public affairs representative for WhatsApp, expressed “concerns regarding the implementation” of such a solution at a seminar. She stated, “We believe that any request to analyze content in an encrypted messaging service could harm fundamental rights.” Charles advocates for the use of other techniques, such as user reporting and monitoring internet traffic, to detect suspicious behavior.

Twitter’s Consideration of End-to-End Messaging Encryption

In 2022, Elon Musk discussed the possibility of integrating end-to-end encryption into Twitter’s messaging. He stated, “I should not be able to access anyone’s private messages, even if someone put a gun to my head” and “Twitter’s private messages should be end-to-end encrypted like Signal, so that no one can spy on or hack your messages.”

Mailfence’s Emphasis on End-to-End Encryption

Mailfence, a secure email service, has declared that end-to-end encryption plays a crucial role in setting up secure messaging. They believe it’s extremely important to protect online privacy.

Meta’s Deployment of End-to-End Encryption

Meta (formerly Facebook) recently deployed end-to-end encryption by default for Messenger conversations. This means that only the sender and recipient can access the content of the messages, with Meta being unable to view them.

Other Messaging Apps’ Views on End-to-End Encryption

Other messaging apps have also expressed their views on end-to-end encryption:

Europol’s View

The heads of European police, including Europol, have expressed their need for legal access to private messages. They have emphasized that tech companies should be able to analyze these messages to protect users. Europol’s director, Catherine De Bolle, even stated, “Our homes are becoming more dangerous than our streets as crime spreads online. To ensure the safety of our society and our citizens, we need this digital environment to be secure. Tech companies have a social responsibility to develop a safer environment where law enforcement and justice can do their job. If the police lose the ability to collect evidence, our society will not be able to prevent people from becoming victims of criminal acts”.

Slack’s View

Slack, a business communication platform, has emphasized the importance of end-to-end encryption in preserving the confidentiality of communications and ensuring business security.

Google’s View

Google Messages uses end-to-end encryption to prevent unauthorized interception of messages. Encryption ensures that only legitimate recipients can access the exchanged messages, preventing malicious third parties from intercepting or reading conversations.

Legislative Amendments on End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Several proposed amendments related to end-to-end messaging encryption include:

Encryption, especially end-to-end, is becoming an essential tool for securing the confidentiality of all users’ communications, including those of children. Any restrictions or infringements on end-to-end encryption can potentially be exploited by malicious third parties. No provision of this regulation should be construed as prohibiting, weakening, or compromising end-to-end encryption. Information society service providers should not face any barriers in offering their services using the highest encryption standards, as this encryption is crucial for trust and security in digital services.

The regulation permits service providers to select the technologies they employ to comply with detection orders. It should not be interpreted as either encouraging or discouraging the use of a specific technology, as long as the technologies and accompanying measures adhere to the requirements of this regulation. This includes the use of end-to-end encryption technology, a vital tool for ensuring the security and confidentiality of users’ communications, including those of children.

When implementing the detection order, providers should employ all available safeguards to ensure that the technologies they use cannot be exploited by them, their employees, or third parties for purposes other than compliance with this regulation. This helps to avoid compromising the security and confidentiality of users’ communications while ensuring the effective detection of child sexual abuse material and balancing all fundamental rights involved. In this context, providers should establish effective internal procedures and safeguards to prevent general surveillance. Detection orders should not apply to end-to-end encryption.

Advantages and Disadvantages of End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Advantages:

  • Privacy: End-to-end messaging encryption protects users’ privacy by ensuring that only the participants in the conversation can read the messages.
  • Security: Even if data is intercepted, it remains unintelligible to unauthorized parties.

Disadvantages:

  • Limitation of Detection of Illegal Activities: Law enforcement agencies fear that end-to-end messaging encryption hinders their ability to fight the most heinous crimes, as it prevents companies from regulating illegal activities on their platforms.

Technical Implications of Backdoors in End-to-End Messaging Encryption

The introduction of backdoors in encryption systems presents significant technical implications. A backdoor is a covert mechanism deliberately introduced into a computer system that allows bypassing standard authentication processes. It can reside in the core of a software’s source code, at the firmware level of a device, or be rooted in communication protocols. Backdoors can be exploited by malicious actors, increasing user vulnerability to cyberattacks. Detecting backdoors requires constant technological vigilance and rigorous system analysis.

Implications of New Cryptographic Technologies for Content Moderation

Innovation in cryptography is paving the way for new methods that allow effective content moderation while preserving end-to-end messaging encryption. Recent research is delving into advanced cryptographic technologies that empower platforms to detect and moderate problematic content without compromising communication privacy. These technologies, often rooted in artificial intelligence and natural language processing, have the capability to analyze metadata and behavior patterns to identify illicit content. For instance, the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) is aiming to make platform recommendation algorithms transparent and regulate online content moderation more effectively.

This could encompass systems that assess the context and frequency of messages to detect abuses without decrypting the content itself. Moreover, solutions like AI-based content moderation offer substantial advantages for managing online reputation, delivering faster and more consistent responses than manual moderation. These systems can be trained to recognize specific patterns of hate speech or terrorist content, enabling swift intervention while respecting user privacy. The integration of these innovations into messaging platforms could potentially resolve the dilemma between public safety and privacy protection. It provides authorities with the necessary tools to combat crime without infringing on individuals’ fundamental rights to communication privacy.

Potential Impact of This Technology on End-to-End Messaging Encryption of Messaging Services

Adopting these new cryptographic technologies represents a major advance in how we view online security and privacy. They offer considerable potential for improving content moderation while preserving end-to-end messaging encryption, ensuring a safer internet while protecting human rights in the digital age. These innovations could play a key role in implementing European regulations on end-to-end messaging encryption, balancing security needs with respect for privacy.

Messaging Services Affected by European Legislation

Among the popular messaging applications that use end-to-end messaging encryption available in Europe are:

  • Signal: A secure messaging application that uses end-to-end encryption. It ensures that only the sender and recipient can access message content, even when data is in transit on the network.
  • WhatsApp: Adopted end-to-end encryption in 2016. It ensures that messages are encrypted at the sender’s device and only decrypted at the recipient’s device.
  • Messenger: Meta (formerly Facebook) plans to generalize end-to-end encryption on Messenger by 2024.
  • Telegram: Uses end-to-end encryption for specific features, such as Secret Chats, ensuring message privacy between the sender and recipient.
  • iMessage: Apple’s messaging service uses end-to-end encryption for messages sent between Apple devices.
  • Viber: Another messaging app that uses end-to-end encryption to secure messages between users.
  • Threema: A secure messaging app that employs end-to-end encryption for all communications, providing high privacy standards.
  • Wire: Offers end-to-end encryption for messages, calls, and shared files, focusing on both personal and business communication.
  • Wickr: Provides end-to-end encryption for messaging and is known for its strong security features.
  • Dust: Emphasizes user privacy with end-to-end encryption and self-destructing messages.
  • ChatSecure: An open-source messaging app offering end-to-end encryption over XMPP with OTR encryption.
  • Element (formerly Riot): A secure messaging app built on the Matrix protocol, providing end-to-end encryption for all communications.
  • Keybase: Combines secure messaging with file sharing and team communication, all protected by end-to-end encryption.

Balancing Security and Privacy

The debate over end-to-end messaging encryption highlights the difficulty of finding a balance between security and privacy in the digital age. On the one hand, law enforcement agencies need effective tools to fight crime and terrorism. On the other hand, citizens have the fundamental right to privacy and the protection of their communications.

Alternatives to Weakened End-to-End Messaging Encryption?

It is crucial to explore alternatives that address law enforcement’s public safety concerns without compromising users’ privacy. Possible solutions include developing better digital investigation techniques, improving international cooperation between law enforcement agencies, and raising public awareness about online dangers.

Navigating Encryption: Security and Regulatory Impediments

Limitations and Challenges of Advanced Cryptographic Technologies

Hardware security modules (HSMs), such as PGP, actively enhance messaging and file encryption security. Similarly, Near Field Communication (NFC) hardware security modules, like DataShielder, significantly bolster protection. Yet, we must confront the significant limitations that regulations introduce; these aim to curtail the protection of both private and corporate data. By encrypting data before transmission, these solutions robustly defend against interception and unauthorized access, whether legal or otherwise. Additionally, this technology stands resilient to AI-driven content moderation filters. In particular, this pertains to messages and files that systems like DataShielder encrypt externally; subsequently, these services are employed for communication.

Ineffectiveness of AI-Based Moderation Filters

Content moderation systems relying on artificial intelligence face a major obstacle: they cannot decrypt and analyze content protected by advanced encryption methods. As a result, despite advances in AI and natural language processing, these filters become inoperative when confronted with messages or files encrypted via HSM PGP or NFC HSM.

Consequences for Security and Privacy

This limitation raises important questions about platforms’ ability to detect and prevent the spread of illicit content while respecting user privacy. It highlights the technical challenge of developing solutions that strike a balance between privacy protection and public safety requirements.

Towards a Balanced Solution

It is imperative to continue researching and developing new cryptographic technologies that enable effective moderation without compromising privacy. The goal is to find innovative methods that respect fundamental rights while providing authorities with the tools needed to fight criminal activities.

HSM PGP and NFC HSM: Alternatives to End-to-End Messaging Encryption

In addition to end-to-end encrypted messaging services, there are alternative solutions like Hardware Security Modules (HSM PGP) and Near Field Communication Hardware Security Modules (NFC HSM) that offer potentially higher levels of security. These devices are designed to protect cryptographic keys and perform sensitive cryptographic operations, ensuring data security throughout its lifecycle.

DataShielder NFC HSM and DataShielder HSM PGP are examples of products that use these technologies to encrypt communications and data anonymously. These tools allow encryption of not only messages but also all types of data, providing a versaced solution that uses Freemindtronic’s EviEngine technology to provide secure and flexible encryption, meeting the diverse needs of professionals and businesses. This solution is designed to operate without a server or database, enhancing security by keeping all data under the user’s control and reducing potential vulnerabilities.

Impact of HSM PGP and NFC HSM on End-to-End Messaging Encryption

HSM PGP and NFC HSM integration adds a vital layer to cybersecurity. They provide a robust solution for information security.

Specifically, DataShielder HSM PGP offers advanced protection. As the EU considers encryption regulation, DataShielder technologies emerge as key alternatives. They ensure confidentiality and security amidst digital complexity. These technologies advocate for encryption as a human rights safeguard. Simultaneously, they address national security issues.

Conclusion

The European legislator faces complexity in harmonizing regulation with Member States. They aim to finalize it by next year. Clearly, preserving end-to-end encryption requires exploring alternatives. This includes better cooperation between law enforcement and advanced investigative techniques.

HSM PGP and NFC HSM transform messaging into secure communication. They do so without servers or identification. Thus, they provide strong protection for organizational communication and data. These measures balance privacy needs with public safety requirements. They offer a comprehensive digital security approach in a complex environment.

Sources

Eurosatory 2024 Technology Clusters: Innovation 2024 DataShielder Defence

Eurosatory 2024 Technology Clusters promotional image showcasing Freemindtronic's Hall 5B - booth A-199 DataShielder NFC HSM PGP innovation with DNA-based encryption and authentication.
 
 
QR code black contact Freemindtronic Eurosatory Hall 5B C178

Freemindtronic at CLUSTER INFRASTRURE SECURITY

Discover this year our new innovation born at Eurosatory 2022 DataShielder Defense DNA-based Counter-espionage solution, Hall 5B cluster technology area. Don’t forget to sign up for free to visit the world’s leading The Global Event for Defence and Security.

To contact Freemindtronic during the event, scan the vCard in QR Code format.

Dual-Use encryption products a regulated trade for security and human rights by Freemindtronic-from Andorra

Infrastructure Security Technologies at Eurosatory 2024: Cybersecurity in the Spotlight

Eurosatory 2024 highlights Infrastructure Security Technologies. A key sector in cybersecurity. These technologies shine in detection precision. They surpass fraud. They tackle vulnerabilities proactively. Always anticipating. Always responding to threats.

Located in Hall 5B, the Infrastructure Security Pavilion stands out. It displays advanced security technologies. Including AI for deep behavioral analysis. For anomaly detection. Systems for advanced surveillance. Capable of drone detection. Physical security is enhanced. Barriers and bollards included. Cybersecurity solutions are comprehensive. They protect against cyber threats.

Moreover, these technologies secure sensitive sites. Military, industrial, nuclear. Critical infrastructure. Public spaces too. They ensure national security. They preserve strategic interests. By preventing malicious acts. By avoiding potential disasters.

Discover our new innovation this year. DataShielder Defense and DataShielder Suite (DataShielder HSM PGP & DataShielder NFC HSM). A DNA-based counter-espionage solution born at Eurosatory 2022. Remember to sign up. It’s free. Visit the leading Global Event for Defence and Security.

Participants will meet key stakeholders. National and international political authorities. Armed and security forces. Infrastructure security professionals. From security directors to solution providers.

In partnership with the National Association of Video Protection. This zone acts as a hub. For exchanging ideas. For exploring solutions.

For more on DataShielder Defense and other innovations, visit Freemindtronic’s this official website.

Key Highlights: Infrastructure Security Technologies

  • New Innovation: Discover the DataShielder Defense, a DNA-based counter-espionage solution, born at Eurosatory 2022
  • Location: Experience this cutting-edge technology in Hall 5B, within the cluster technology area.
  • Global Event: Don’t miss the opportunity to attend the world’s leading event for Defence and Security. Remember to sign up for free.

Discover below the first videos of DataShielder HSM PGP and DataShielder NFC HSM of which here is the link to the youtube playlist clic here :

How to Activate & Manage DataShielder HSM PGP License: Quick Start Guide Encryption Segmented Keys

🔒 Unveiling a Major Breakthrough in Cryptography at Eurosatory 2024 🔒

Freemindtronic is excited to announce our participation in Eurosatory 2024, where we will showcase a significant advancement from our research and development in cybersecurity technology: the new product, DataShielder Defence. This solution stands as the zenith of our 2024 innovations in cryptography, featuring a system for segmented key generation and standard and OpenPGP symmetric and asymmetric encryption based on DNA, envisioned by Jacques Gascuel two years prior at Eurosatory 2022. This technology paves new avenues in various application fields including authentication, encryption, digital signing, and digital and physical access control, as already implemented in the Cardokey Pro Badge Defense produc

🎁 Exclusive Offer: Visitors at the Freemindtronic booth will receive a complimentary 3-month license of DataShielder HSP PGP by using the code found in the QR Code also present in the header image.

📍 Visit us in Hall 5B, within the cluster technology area, to explore this novel counter-espionage solution tailored for sovereign entities in both DataShielder Defence and DataShielder Suite versions for Dual Use (civil and military). This breakthrough significantly enhances the protection of sensitive classified information against identity theft, remote espionage, and proximity threats.

A DNA-based segmented key encryption and authentication system: DataShielder Defence integrates a novel system based on Human DNA sequencing composed of over 12 million unique DNA codes from an individual to conduct various cryptographic operations. This provides an unparalleled level of security and confidentiality, implemented through Freemindtronic’s internationally patented technologies, especially in wireless access control and segmented key authentication.

Thank You to Freemindtronic’s Partners

We extend our deepest gratitude to General Beaudoin Charles, his team at Eurosatory, Coges Events, and their partners at the National Association of Video Protection (AN2V) for facilitating Freemindtronic’s late participation. This opportunity allows us to present the EviDNA technology embedded in DataShielder Defence, a concept conceived by Jacques Gascuel at Eurosatory 2022.

Where to find us at Eurosatory 2024 – Technology Clusters

Eurosatory 2024 Technology Clusters promotional image showcasing Freemindtronic's DataShielder NFC HSM PGP innovation with DNA-based encryption and authentication.

🚨 Urgent Response to CEO Fraud: Freemindtronic Prioritizes DataShielder for SMEs

Addressing the Dramatic Issue of Financial Cyber Victims

In response to the escalating threat of ‘CEO fraud’ that has led to a surge in financial cyber victims, a concern discussed in Marseille during AccessSecurity with Mr. Damien HASSKO, head of Urgence Cyber région SUD (CSIRT) for the southern region, and Malik Dahman, president of PhosPhosure Technology specializing in SMEs and also President of French Tech Toulon, Freemindtronic has decided to expedite the development of DataShielder HSP PGP. This solution will soon be globally available for associations, organizations, public services, and particularly for SMEs and VSEs, providing an essential layer of security against these sophisticated attacks.

🌐 To learn more about DataShielder Defence, the dual-use cybersecurity solutions of DataShielder Suite, and the PassCypher NFC HSM solutions, visit our website.

Ensure your attendance at the world’s foremost defence and security event by registering for free. Collaborate with industry leaders and discover the next wave of cybersecurity solutions.

🤝 Connect with Freemindtronic: Interested parties can easily reach out by scanning the QR Code-compatible vCard featured in the header image.

🎁 Exclusive Offer: Visitors at the Freemindtronic booth will receive a complimentary 3-month license of DataShielder HSP PGP by using the code found in the QR Code also present in the header image.

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Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

A modern cybersecurity control center with a diverse team monitoring national cyber threats during the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation.

Andorra Leads with a Groundbreaking National Cyberattack Simulation

In an era of constantly evolving cyber threats, the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation actively demonstrates proactive defense and innovative cybersecurity strategies. With the launch of this landmark simulation imminent, Andorra is set to redefine the standards for digital safety and preparedness.

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Stay informed with our posts dedicated to Cyberculture to track its evolution through our regularly updated topics.

Discover our new Cyberculture article about a country’s independent simulation of cyberattacks, a national event scheduled for April 16, 2024 in Andorra. Authored by Jacques Gascuel, a pioneer in contactless, serverless, databaseless and wireless security solutions, this article offers a unique insight into this revolutionary initiative. Stay informed and safe by subscribing to our regular updates.

Andorra Cybersecurity Simulation: A Vanguard of Digital Defense

Andorra-la-Vieille, April 15, 2024 – Andorra is poised to make history with the first-ever Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation, led by the Agència Nacional de Ciberseguretat d’Andorra. On April 16, in collaboration with Andorra Digital and the Secretariat of State for Digital Transformation and Telecommunications, the country will conduct a comprehensive cyber exercise. This trailblazing initiative is set to redefine global cybersecurity standards.

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: An Unprecedented Scale

The Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation will launch a series of attacks on critical national infrastructure, testing Andorra’s resilience and readiness against escalating digital threats. With participants from both public and private sectors, this exercise is unparalleled in its scope and reach.

A Pioneering Approach in the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation

Unlike the USA and Israel, Andorra emphasizes inclusive national coordination in its simulations. This focus significantly shifts cybersecurity practices. It positions Andorra as a pioneer, integrating comprehensive national efforts into its cybersecurity framework. This strategic move enhances its resilience and sets a new global standard.

International Context of the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation

Comparing this initiative with global counterparts underscores Andorra’s adoption and adaptation of best practices. This approach highlights the need for tailored cybersecurity strategies to effectively counter specific national security challenges.

Expert Analysis on Cyber Resilience

Cybersecurity experts agree that simulations like the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation are critical for testing and enhancing national resilience. They stress that such exercises are crucial not only for identifying vulnerabilities but also for heightening national vigilance.

Anticipated Outcomes of the Simulation

This simulation is vital for bolstering the country’s cyber resilience. It will pinpoint vulnerabilities, refine incident response protocols, and strengthen the digital security culture across Andorra.

Post-Exercise Follow-Up

Planners have scheduled a detailed analysis post-exercise to scrutinize the outcomes and lessons learned from the national cyberattack simulation. This evaluation will be crucial in assessing the simulation’s effectiveness and in adjusting future strategies based on the findings, thus providing a comprehensive perspective on its impact and efficiency.

Direct Insights on National Cyber Resilience

Freemindtronic Andorra, designer, developer and manufacturer of innovative dual-use counter-espionage and cyber-resilience solutions, welcomes this exceptional initiative. As a pioneer in the field of contactless encryption of communications systems, Freemindtronic underlines the importance and relevance of this exercise for national security and the advancement of cutting-edge technologies in the fight against cyber threats.

Jacques Gascuel, CEO Freemindtronic, emphasizes the critical role of simulations like Andorra’s upcoming national cyber exercise. “Cyber exercises like the one planned by Andorra are essential to test and strengthen national resilience against digital threats,” he states. Furthermore, Gascuel highlights the unique opportunity these exercises offer. “They allow us to gain feedback to improve or innovate new ways to enhance cybersecurity and resilience at the national level.”

Conclusion

This initiative positions Andorra as a leader in cybersecurity and highlights the significance of thorough national preparedness against cyber threats. Consequently, this cyber exercise might inspire other nations to adopt similar strategies, underscoring the critical importance of cybersecurity in today’s world.

Stay Updated

For more information and updates on this pioneering initiative, stay connected with official sources and local media.

source: https://andorra-digital.com/actualitat/lagencia-ciberseguretat-prepara-simulacio-datac-cibernetic

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