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2024, Articles, Cyberculture, Legal information

ANSSI Cryptography Authorization: Complete Declaration Guide

Posted on by FMTAD
Flags of France and the European Union on a white background representing ANSSI cryptography authorization
07
Oct

Comprehensive Guide: Navigating Cryptographic Means Authorization

ANSSI cryptography authorization: Learn how to navigate the regulatory landscape for importing and exporting cryptographic products in France. This comprehensive guide covers the necessary steps, deadlines, and documentation required to comply with both national and European standards. Read on to ensure your operations meet all legal requirements.

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ANSSI cryptography authorization, authored by Jacques Gascuel, CEO of Freemindtronic, provides a detailed overview of the regulatory framework governing cryptographic products. This guide addresses the essential steps for compliance, including how to fill out the necessary forms, meet deadlines, and provide the required documentation. Stay informed on these critical updates and more through our tech solutions.

Complete Guide: Declaration and Application for Authorization for Cryptographic Means

In France, the import, export, supply, and transfer of cryptographic products are strictly regulated by Decree n°2007-663 of 2 May 2007. This decree sets the rules to ensure that operations comply with national and European standards. At the same time, EU Regulation 2021/821 imposes additional controls on dual-use items, including cryptographic products.

This guide explains in detail the steps to correctly fill in the declaration or authorization request form, as well as the deadlines and documents to be provided to comply with the ANSSI cryptography authorization requirements.

Download the XDA Form

Click this link to Download the declaration and authorization application form

Regulatory Framework: Decree No. 2007-663 and Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Decree No. 2007-663 of 2 May 2007 regulates all operations related to the import, export, supply, and transfer of cryptographic means. It clearly sets out the conditions under which these operations may be carried out in France by defining declaration and authorization regimes. To consult the decree, click this link: Decree n°2007-663 of 2 May 2007.

At the European level, Regulation (EU) 2021/821 concerns dual-use items, including cryptographic products. This regulation imposes strict controls on these products to prevent their misuse for military or criminal purposes. To view the regulation, click this link: Regulation (EU) 2021/821.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your operations comply with both national and European standards for cryptographic products. If you need further assistance or have any questions, feel free to reach out!

Fill out the XDA PDF Form

The official form must be completed and sent in two copies to the ANSSI. It is essential to follow the instructions carefully and to tick the appropriate boxes according to the desired operations (declaration, application for authorisation or renewal).

Address for submitting forms

French National Agency for the Security of Information Systems (ANSSI)Regulatory Controls Office51, boulevard de La Tour-Maubourg75700 PARIS 07 SP.

Contact:

  • Phone: +33 (0)1 71 75 82 75
  • Email: controle@ssi.gouv.fr

This form allows several procedures to be carried out according to Chapters II and III of the decree.
You can download the official form by following this PDF link.

  • Declaration of supply, transfer, import or export from or to the European Union or third countries.
  • Application for authorization or renewal of authorization for similar operations.

Paperless submission: new simplified procedure

Since 13 September 2022, an electronic submission procedure has been put in place to simplify the formalities. You can now submit your declarations and authorisation requests by email. Here are the detailed steps:

Steps to submit an online application:

  1. Email address: Send your request to controle@ssi.gouv.fr.
  2. Subject of the email: [formalities] Name of your company – Name of the product. Important: The object must follow this format without modification.
  3. Documents to be attached:
    • Completed form  (electronic version).
    • Scanned  and signed form.
    • All required attachments (accepted formats: .pdf, .xls, .doc).
  4. Large file management: If the size of the attachments exceeds 10 MB, divide your mailing into several emails according to the following nomenclature:
    • [Formalities] Name of your company – Product name – Part 1/x
    • [Formalities] Your Company Name – Product Name – Part 2/x

1. Choice of formalities to be carried out

The form offers different boxes to tick, depending on the formalities you wish to complete:

  • Reporting and Requesting Authorization for Any Cryptographic Medium Operation: By ticking this box, you submit a declaration for all supply, transfer, import or export operations, whether inside or outside the European Union. This covers all types of operations mentioned in the decree.
  • Declaration of supply, transfer from or to a Member State of the European Union, import and export to a State not belonging to the European Union of a means of cryptology: Use this box if you are submitting only a simple declaration without requesting authorisation for the operations provided for in Chapter II of the Decree.
  • Application for authorisation to transfer a cryptographic method to a Member State of the European Union and export to a State that does not belong to the European Union: This box is specific to operations that require prior authorisation, pursuant to Chapter III of the Decree.
  • Renewal of authorisation for the transfer to a Member State of the European Union and for the export of a means of cryptology: If you already have an authorization for certain operations and want to renew it, you will need to check this box.

1.1 Time Limits for Review and Notification of Decisions

This section should begin by explaining the time limits for the processing of applications or declarations based on the operation being conducted. Each subsequent point must address a specific formal procedure in the order listed in your request.

1.1.1 Declaration and Application for Authorization of Any Transaction Relating to a Means of Cryptology

This relates to general declarations for any cryptographic operation, whether it involves supply, transfer, import, or export of cryptographic means.

  • Examination Period: ANSSI will review the declaration or application for 1 month (extended to 2 months for cryptographic services or export to non-EU countries).
  • Result: If the declaration is compliant, ANSSI issues a certificate.
  • In Case of Silence: You may proceed with your operation and request a certificate confirming that the declaration was received if no response is provided within the specified time frame.

1.1.2 Declaration of Supply, Transfer, Import, and Export to Non-EU Countries of a Means of Cryptology

This section involves simple declarations of cryptographic means being supplied, transferred within the EU, imported, or exported outside the EU.

  • Examination Period: For supply, transfer, import, or export operations, ANSSI has 1 month to review the file. For services or exports outside the EU, the review period is 2 months.
  • Result: ANSSI will issue a certificate if the file is compliant.
  • In Case of Silence: After the deadlines have passed, you may proceed and request a certificate confirming compliance.

1.1.3 Application for Authorization to Transfer Cryptographic Means within the EU and Export to Non-EU Countries

This applies to requests for prior authorization required for transferring cryptographic means within the EU or exporting them to non-EU countries.

  • Examination Period: ANSSI will examine the application for authorization within 2 months.
  • Notification of Decision: The Prime Minister will make a final decision within 4 months.
  • In Case of Silence: If no response is provided, you receive implicit authorization valid for 1 year. You can also request a certificate confirming this authorization.

1.1.4 Application for Renewal of Authorization for Transfer within the EU and Export of Cryptographic Means

This relates to renewing an existing authorization for the transfer of cryptographic means.

  • Review Period: ANSSI will review the renewal application within 2 months.
  • Notification of Decision: The Prime Minister will issue a decision within 4 months.
  • In Case of Silence: If no decision is made, an implicit authorization valid for 1 year is granted. You can request a formal certificate to confirm this authorization.

1.1.5 Example Response from ANSSI for Cryptography Authorization Requests

When you submit a declaration or request for authorization, ANSSI typically provides a confirmation of receipt, which includes:

  • Subject: Confirmation of Receipt for Cryptography Declaration/Authorization
  • Date and Time of Submission: For example, “Monday 23 October 2022 13:15:13.”

The response confirms that ANSSI has received the request and outlines the next steps for review.

A: Information on the Registrant and/or Applicant, Person in charge of the administrative file and Person in charge of the technical elements.

This section must be filled in with the information of the declarant or applicant, whether it is a legal person (company, association) or a natural person. You should include information such as:

  • The name and address of the entity or individual.
  • Company name and SIRET number for companies.
  • Contact details of the person responsible for the administrative file and the person in charge of the technical aspects of the cryptology product.

Person in charge of technical aspects: This person is the direct contact with the ANSSI for technical questions relating to the means of cryptology.

B: Cryptographic Medium to which the Declaration and/or Application for Authorization Applies

This part concerns the technical information of the cryptology product:

B.2.1 Classify the medium into the corresponding category(ies)

You must indicate whether the product is hardware, software, or both, and specify its primary role (e.g., information security, network, etc.).

B.2.2 General description of the means

The technical part of the form requires a specific description of the cryptographic means. You will need to provide information such as:

  • Generic name of the medium (photocopier, telephone, antivirus software, etc.).
  • Brand, trade number, and product version .
  • Manufacturer and date of release.

Comments in the form:

  • The cryptographic means must identify the final product to be reported (not its subsets).
  • Functional description: Describe the use of the medium (e.g., secure storage, encrypted transmission).

B.2.3 Indicate which category the main function of the means (tick) relates to

  • Information security (means of encryption, cryptographic library, etc.)
  • Computer (operating system, server, virtualization software, etc.)
  • Sending, storing, receiving information (communication terminal, communication software,
  • management, etc.)
  • Network (monitoring software, router, base station, etc.)
  • If yes, specify:

B.3. Technical description of the cryptology services provided

B.3.2. Indicate which category(ies) the cryptographic function(s) of the means to be ticked refers to:

  • Authentification
  • Integrity
  • Confidentiality
  • Signature

B.3.3. Indicate the secure protocol(s) used by:

  • IPsec
  • SSH
  • VoIP-related protocols (such as SIP/RTP)
  • SSL/TLS
  • If yes, specify:

Comments in the form:

  • Cryptographic functionality: Specify how the product encrypts data (e.g., protection of files, messages, etc.).
  • Algorithms: List the algorithms and how they are used. For example, AES in CBC mode with a 256-bit key for data encryption.

B.3.4. Specify the cryptographic algorithms used and their maximum key lengths:

Table to be filled in: Algorithm / Mode / Associated key size / Function

This section requires detailing the cryptographic services that the product offers:

  • Secure protocol (SSL/TLS, IPsec, SSH, etc.).
  • Algorithms used and key size (RSA 2048, AES 256, etc.).
  • Encryption mode (CBC, CTR, CFB).

C: Case of a cryptographic device falling within category 3 of Annex 2 to Decree No. 2007-663 of 2 May 2007

This section must be completed if your product falls under category 3 of Annex 2 of the decree, i.e. cryptographic means marketed on the consumer market. You must provide specific explanations about:

  • Present the method of marketing the means of cryptology and the market for which it is intended
  • Explain why the cryptographic functionality of the medium cannot be easily changed by the user
  • Explain how the installation of the means does not require significant subsequent assistance from the supplier

D: Renewal of transfer or export authorization

If you are applying for the renewal of an existing authorisation, you must mention the references of the previous authorisation, including the file number, the authorisation number and the date of issue.

E: Attachments (check the boxes for the attachments)

To complete your file, you must provide a set of supporting documents, including:

  • General document presenting the company (electronic format preferred)
  • extract K bis from the Trade and Companies Register dated less than three months (or a
  • equivalent document for companies incorporated under foreign law)
  • Cryptographic Medium Commercial Brochure (electronic format preferred)
  • Technical brochure of the means of cryptology (electronic format preferred)
  • User manual (if available) (electronic format preferred)
  • Administrator Guide (if available) (electronic format preferred)

All of these documents must be submitted in accepted electronic formats, such as .pdf, .xls, or .doc.

F: Attestation

The person representing the notifier or applicant must sign and attest that the information provided in the form and attachments is accurate. In the event of a false declaration, the applicant is liable to sanctions in accordance with Articles 34 and 35 of Law No. 2004-575 on confidence in the digital economy.

G: Elements and technical characteristics to be communicated at the request of the national agency for the security of information systems (preferably to be provided in electronic format)

In addition, the ANSSI may request additional technical information to evaluate the cryptology product, such as:

  1. The elements necessary to implement the means of cryptology:
  2. two copies of the cryptographic medium;
  3. the installation guides of the medium;
  4. devices for activating the medium, if applicable (license number, activation number, hardware device, etc.);
  5. key injection or network activation devices, if applicable.
  6. The elements relating to the protection of the encryption process, namely the description of the measures

Techniques used to prevent tampering with encryption or management associated keys.

  1. Elements relating to data processing:
  2. the description of the pre-processing of the clear data before it is encrypted (compression, formatting, adding a header, etc.);
  3. the description of the post-processing of the encrypted data, after it has been encrypted (adding a header, formatting, packaging, etc.);
  4. three reference outputs of the means, in electronic format, made from a clear text and an arbitrarily chosen key, which will also be provided, in order to verify the implementation of the means in relation to its description.
  5. Elements relating to the design of the means of cryptology:
  6. the source code of the medium and the elements allowing a recompilation of the source code or the references of the associated compilers;
  7. the part numbers of the components incorporating the cryptology functions of the medium and the names of the manufacturers of each of these components;
  8. the cryptology functions implemented by each of these components;
  9. the technical documentation of the component(s) performing the cryptology functions;
  10. the types of memories (flash, ROM, EPROM, etc.) in which the cryptographic functions and parameters are stored as well as the references of these memories.

Validity and Renewal of ANSSI Cryptography Authorization

When ANSSI grants an authorization for cryptographic operations, it comes with a limited validity period. For operations that require explicit authorization, such as the transfer of cryptographic means within the EU or exports outside the EU, the certificate of authorization issued by ANSSI is valid for one year if no express decision is made within the given timeframe.

The renewal process must be initiated before the expiry of the certificate. ANSSI will review the completeness of the application within two months, and the decision is issued within four months. If ANSSI remains silent, implicit authorization is granted, which is again valid for a period of one year. This renewal ensures that your cryptographic operations remain compliant with the regulations established by Decree n°2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821, avoiding any legal or operational disruptions.

For further details on how to initiate a renewal or first-time application, refer to the official ANSSI process, ensuring all deadlines are respected for uninterrupted operations.

Legal Framework for Cryptographic Means: Key Requirements Under Decree No. 2007-663

Understanding the legal implications of Decree No. 2007-663 is crucial for any business engaged in cryptology-related operations, such as the import, export, or transfer of cryptographic products. This section outlines the legal framework governing declarations, authorizations, and specific cases for cryptographic means. Let’s delve into the essential points:

1. Formalities Under Chapters II and III of Decree No. 2007-663

Decree No. 2007-663 distinguishes between two regulatory regimes—declaration and authorization—depending on the nature of the cryptographic operation. These formalities aim to safeguard national security by ensuring cryptographic means are not misused.

  • Chapter II: Declaration Regime
    This section requires businesses to notify the relevant authorities, particularly ANSSI, when cryptographic products are supplied, transferred, imported, or exported. For example, when transferring cryptographic software within the European Union, companies must submit a declaration to ANSSI. This formality ensures that the movement of cryptographic products adheres to ANSSI cryptography authorization protocols. The primary goal is to regulate the flow of cryptographic tools and prevent unauthorized or illegal uses.
  • Chapter III: Authorization Regime
    Operations involving cryptographic means that pose higher security risks, especially when exporting to non-EU countries, require explicit authorization from ANSSI. The export of cryptographic products, such as encryption software, outside the European Union is subject to strict scrutiny. In these cases, companies must obtain ANSSI cryptography authorization, which evaluates potential risks before granting permission. Failure to secure this authorization could result in significant legal consequences, such as operational delays or penalties.

2. Request for Authorization or Renewal

If your operations involve cryptographic means that require prior approval, the Decree mandates that you apply for authorization or renewal. This is particularly relevant for:

  • Transfers within the EU: Even though the product remains within the European Union, if the cryptographic tool is sensitive, an authorization request must be submitted. This helps mitigate risks associated with misuse or unauthorized access to encrypted data.
  • Exports outside the EU: Exporting cryptographic means to non-EU countries is subject to even stricter controls. Businesses must renew their authorization periodically to ensure that all their ongoing operations remain legally compliant. This step is non-negotiable for companies dealing with dual-use items, as defined by EU Regulation 2021/821.

3. Category 3 Cryptographic Means (Annex 2)

Category 3 cryptographic means, outlined in Annex 2 of the Decree, apply to consumer-facing products that are less complex but still critical for security. These are often products marketed to the general public and must meet specific criteria:

  • Unmodifiable by End-Users: Cryptographic products under Category 3 must not be easily altered by end-users. This ensures the integrity of the product’s security features.
  • Limited Supplier Involvement: These products should be user-friendly, not requiring extensive assistance from the supplier for installation or continued use.

An example of a Category 3 product might be a mobile application that offers end-to-end encryption, ensuring ease of use for consumers while adhering to strict cryptographic security protocols.

Regulatory Framework and Implications

Decree No. 2007-663, alongside EU Regulation 2021/821, sets the groundwork for regulating cryptographic means in France and the broader European Union. Businesses must comply with these regulations, ensuring they declare or obtain the proper ANSSI cryptography authorization for all cryptographic operations. Compliance with these legal frameworks is non-negotiable, as they help prevent the misuse of cryptographic products for malicious purposes, such as espionage or terrorism.

Displaying ANSSI Cryptography Authorization: Transparency and Trust

Publicly showcasing your ANSSI cryptography authorization not only demonstrates regulatory compliance but also strengthens your business’s credibility. In fact, there are no legal restrictions preventing companies from making their authorization certificates visible. By displaying this certification, you reinforce transparency and trustworthiness, especially when dealing with clients or partners who prioritize data security and regulatory adherence.

Moreover, doing so can provide a competitive edge. Customers and stakeholders are reassured by visible compliance with both French and European standards, including Decree No. 2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821. Displaying this certificate prominently, whether on your website or in official communications, signals your business’s proactive stance on cybersecurity.

Final Steps to Ensure Compliance

Now that you understand the steps involved in ANSSI cryptography authorization, you are better equipped to meet the regulatory requirements for importing and exporting cryptographic means. By diligently completing the necessary forms, submitting the required documentation, and adhering to the outlined deadlines, you can streamline your operations and avoid potential delays or penalties. Moreover, by staying up-to-date with both French and European regulations, such as Decree No. 2007-663 and EU Regulation 2021/821, your business will maintain full compliance.

For any additional guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out to the ANSSI team or explore their resources further on their official website. By taking these proactive steps, you can ensure that your cryptographic operations remain fully compliant and seamlessly integrated into global standards.

2024, Articles, Technical News

New Microsoft Uninstallable Recall: Enhanced Security at Its Core

Posted on by FMTAD
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03
Oct

Unveil Microsoft’s Enhanced Uninstallable Recall for Total Data Security

Microsoft Uninstallable Recall: Learn how Microsoft has significantly upgraded the security of its Recall activity journal, now featuring an easy-to-use uninstall option and protection through a secure enclave with stronger authentication. Read the full article to explore these advanced security features and improvements.

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Microsoft’s Uninstallable Recall, written by Jacques Gascuel, CEO of Freemindtronic, fixes earlier security issues by processing data in a TPM-secured enclave and giving users complete control over data. You can uninstall Recall easily, wiping all data for enhanced privacy. Stay informed on these security updates and more in our tech solutions.

Microsoft’s Revamped Recall System

Microsoft recently overhauled its Recall feature, which had faced criticism for security and privacy issues. The new version delivers enhanced protection and better control over personal data, responding directly to concerns raised by users and privacy experts.

Key Features of Microsoft’s New Uninstallable Recall

Recall is an activity journal that allows users to retrieve information based on past actions, utilizing AI-analyzed screenshots. In its first iteration, the tool faced backlash because data was stored insecurely, making it easily accessible to others sharing the same device.

Microsoft responded by overhauling the architecture of Recall. Now, all data processing occurs within a Trusted Platform Module (TPM)-protected secure enclave. Access to information requires Windows Hello authentication or a PIN, ensuring that only authorized users can unlock the encrypted data.

Enhanced Data Protection with Microsoft’s Uninstallable Recall

Microsoft significantly improved the security architecture of Recall. All data is now encrypted and stored within the TPM chip, and multi-factor authentication further protects user information. Recent updates to Recall ensure that sensitive information is automatically filtered out, including passwords, personal identification numbers, and credit card details.

These changes align with the security mechanisms found in BitLocker, which also uses TPM to safeguard encryption keys. Freemindtronic has noted the similarities between Recall and BitLocker’s multi-layer encryption and user-focused security enhancements.

How to Enable and Remove Microsoft’s New Recall

With the updated Uninstallable Recall, Microsoft gives users full control over the feature. Recall is opt-in—it remains off unless activated by the user, and it can be uninstalled easily at any time. Microsoft has confirmed that when Recall is uninstalled, all related data is permanently deleted, further addressing privacy concerns.

Additional Security Measures

Microsoft also introduced several improvements to Recall, including:

  • Private browsing compatibility: Users can now prevent Recall from saving sessions during private browsing.
  • Sensitive content filtering: By default, Recall filters out sensitive data such as passwords and personal details.
  • Custom permissions: Users can choose what data Recall tracks and restrict it to specific apps or activities.

These updates reflect Microsoft’s commitment to providing robust data protection, and as seen in similar tools like BitLocker, Microsoft emphasizes TPM-based encryption to secure user data​. Freemindtronic highlighted that BitLocker uses multi-layer encryption and TPM to secure sensitive information from unauthorized access​.

Business and Consumer Advantages of Microsoft’s Enhanced Recall

These enhancements have significant implications for both businesses and individual users. Companies can benefit from the enhanced data protection, especially when managing sensitive information across multiple devices. Users working in shared environments can rest assured knowing their personal data is encrypted and secured, even if the device is shared.

Moreover, this follows a pattern of Microsoft’s continuous security efforts, as seen in the resolution of BitLocker access issues caused by a faulty Crowdstrike update. The incident demonstrated the importance of robust encryption and key management tools like PassCypher NFC HSM.

Availability of the Uninstallable Recall Feature

The new Recall feature will be available to Windows Insiders in October 2024. It is integrated with Copilot+ PCs, designed to provide comprehensive security without sacrificing usability​.

Why Microsoft’s Recall Is a Step Forward in Data Security

With the Uninstallable Recall, Microsoft demonstrates its commitment to developing tools that balance user privacy and productivity. The integration of TPM-encrypted data storage, biometric authentication, and flexible permissions makes Recall one of the most secure data management systems available today, alongside established solutions like BitLocker.

2024, Articles, Cyberculture

EAN Code Andorra: Why It Shares Spain’s 84 Code

Posted on by FMTAD
Ultra-realistic image illustrating Andorra's shared EAN code with Spain, featuring a barcode starting with 84 and a map connecting Andorra and Spain.
09
Sep
Update: August 29, 2024 Jacques Gascuel discusses the crucial intersection of Telegram and cybersecurity in light of Pavel Durov’s arrest. Featured in our Cyberculture section, this analysis underscores the evolving responsibilities of tech leaders and the importance of balancing privacy with security. Stay informed as this topic may be updated, and thank you for following our Cyberculture updates.

Everything You Need to Know About EAN Codes: Andorra’s Shared 84 Code with Spain

EAN Code Andorra plays a crucial role in identifying products, but why does Andorra, despite being a co-principality with France, share its EAN code with Spain? In this article, we will explore the EAN coding system, explain how it works, and uncover the reasons why Andorra uses the 84 code with Spain. Additionally, you’ll find a complete guide that helps you understand this unique coding arrangement.
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Key Highlights: EAN Code Andorra & Spain’s Shared 84 Code

  1. EAN Code Andorra: All About EAN Codes and Their Importance: Andorra shares the 84 code with Spain, mainly due to strong trade relationships.
  2. What Is an EAN Code and Why Is It Important?: EAN codes play a critical role in global product identification, especially in retail and supply chains.
  3. How EAN Codes Are Structured: The structure of EAN codes consists of a country prefix, product number, and check digit.
  4. Complete List of EAN Codes by Country (Updated in 2024): A comprehensive list of EAN codes for countries with assigned EAN-13 codes, updated for 2024.
  5. Why Does Andorra Share Its EAN Code with Spain?: Andorra shares its EAN code with Spain due to economic ties and logistical efficiency.
  6. Examples of Valid EAN Codes for Andorra: Valid EAN codes for Andorran products, starting with the prefix 84.
  7. How the Shared EAN Code Works: How GS1 manages Andorra’s shared EAN code with Spain.
  8. Benefits of Sharing the Code: Advantages for Andorra in sharing its EAN code with Spain, such as cost reduction and logistical efficiency.
  9. How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes: Methods for checking the validity of EAN and UPC codes using the check digit.
  10. UPC and EAN: Differences and Correspondence: The difference between UPC and EAN codes and how they correspond.
  11. Alternatives to GS1 for Obtaining EAN Codes: Exploring alternatives like resellers, online platforms, and local agencies for obtaining EAN codes.
  12. Finding the Best EAN Code Solution for Your Business: Determining the right EAN code acquisition strategy depending on your business needs.

All About EAN Codes and Their Importance

EAN Code Andorra illustrates how the EAN (European Article Number) system operates on a global scale. GS1 actively manages this system, which ensures that every product crossing international borders has a unique identifier. Over 100 countries rely on EAN codes to track and identify goods efficiently.

Businesses that engage in international trade must assign EAN codes to their products. These codes play a critical role in streamlining logistics and improving product traceability. By adopting this system, companies guarantee that their products are correctly identified, no matter where they are shipped or sold. As a result, they meet global standards, enhancing both their credibility and operational efficiency in the global market.

What Is an EAN Code and Why Is It Important?

An EAN code allows businesses to identify and track products globally with ease. These codes play a critical role in retail, supply chain management, and product traceability systems. By using EAN codes, businesses automate inventory management and streamline commercial transactions. As a result, companies can manage their stock more efficiently, reduce errors, and ensure their products are easily traceable from production to sale. This makes EAN codes indispensable for businesses operating in today’s fast-paced global market.

How EAN Codes Are Structured

An EAN-13 code is made up of the following elements:

  • The first 3 digits are the country prefix, representing where the company is registered.
  • The next 9 digits identify the company and its specific product.
  • The final digit is a check digit, calculated to verify the accuracy of the code.

Complete List of EAN Codes by Country (Updated in 2024)

In this section, you’ll find the complete list of 195 countries, highlighting which ones have their own EAN code and which do not. These EAN codes, managed by GS1, are crucial for identifying products in global commerce. By 2024, around 130 countries have been assigned a unique EAN code, while others either share a code with neighboring countries or do not require one. This table allows you to quickly determine if your country has a unique EAN code or shares one.

Countries with Assigned EAN Codes

Below is the list of countries that have been assigned a specific EAN-13 code by GS1. This assignment ensures proper product identification and traceability, helping businesses streamline international trade and manage stock efficiently. By using these codes, companies can ensure their products comply with global standards for accurate identification across borders.

Country EAN-13 Code
Algeria 613
Andorra (with Spain) 84
Argentina 779
Armenia 485
Australia 93
Austria 90 to 91
Belgium 54
Bolivia 777
Brazil 789 to 790
Bulgaria 380
Canada 00 to 13
Chile 780
China 690 to 695
Colombia 770 to 771
Croatia 385
Cyprus 529
Czech Republic 859
Denmark 57
Egypt 622
El Salvador 741
Finland 64
France 300 to 379
Georgia 486
Germany 400 to 440
Greece 520
Honduras 742
Hungary 599
Iceland 569
India 890
Indonesia 899
Iraq 626
Ireland 539
Israel 729
Italy 80 to 83
Japan 45 and 49
Kazakhstan 487
Kenya 616
Latvia 475
Lithuania 477
Luxembourg 54
Malaysia 955
Malta 535
Mexico 750
Netherlands 87
New Zealand 94
Nicaragua 743
North Macedonia 531
Norway 70
Panama 745
Paraguay 784
Peru 775
Philippines 480
Poland 590
Portugal 560
Romania 594
Russia 460 to 469
Saudi Arabia 628
Serbia 860
Singapore 888
Slovakia 858
Slovenia 383
South Africa 600 to 601
South Korea 880
Spain (with Andorra) 84
Sri Lanka 479
Sweden 73
Switzerland 76
Taiwan 471
Thailand 885
Tunisia 619
Turkey 869
Ukraine 482
United Kingdom 50
United States 00 to 13
Venezuela 759
Vietnam 893

Countries Without Assigned EAN Codes

On the other hand, several countries have not been assigned their own EAN code. In many cases, these countries either do not participate extensively in international trade, or they share a code with a larger neighboring country. For businesses or consumers looking to identify whether their country has a unique EAN code, here is the list of countries that do not have a dedicated EAN code:

Country EAN-13 Code
Afghanistan Not assigned
Albania Not assigned
Antigua and Barbuda Not assigned
Aruba Not assigned
Bahamas Not assigned
Barbados Not assigned
Belize Not assigned
Bhutan Not assigned
Botswana Not assigned
Burundi Not assigned
Cape Verde Not assigned
Central African Republic Not assigned
Chad Not assigned
Comoros Not assigned
Congo (Brazzaville) Not assigned
Congo (Kinshasa) Not assigned
Djibouti Not assigned
Dominica Not assigned
East Timor Not assigned
Eritrea Not assigned
Eswatini (Swaziland) Not assigned
Fiji Not assigned
Gabon Not assigned
Gambia Not assigned
Grenada Not assigned
Guinea Not assigned
Guinea-Bissau Not assigned
Guyana Not assigned
Haiti Not assigned
Jamaica Not assigned
Kiribati Not assigned
Laos Not assigned
Lesotho Not assigned
Liberia Not assigned
Libya Not assigned
Madagascar Not assigned
Maldives Not assigned
Mali Not assigned
Mauritania Not assigned
Micronesia Not assigned
Monaco Not assigned (Shares with France)
Mongolia Not assigned
Montenegro Not assigned
Mozambique Not assigned
Myanmar Not assigned
Namibia Not assigned
Nepal Not assigned
Niger Not assigned
Palau Not assigned
Papua New Guinea Not assigned
Rwanda Not assigned
Samoa Not assigned
Sao Tome and Principe Not assigned
Seychelles Not assigned
Sierra Leone Not assigned
Solomon Islands Not assigned
Somalia Not assigned
South Sudan Not assigned
St Kitts and Nevis Not assigned
St Lucia Not assigned
St Vincent and Grenadines Not assigned
Sudan Not assigned
Suriname Not assigned
Syria Not assigned
Tonga Not assigned
Turkmenistan Not assigned
Tuvalu Not assigned
Uganda Not assigned
Uzbekistan Not assigned
Vanuatu Not assigned
Yemen Not assigned
Zambia Not assigned
Zimbabwe Not assigned

In summary, as of 2024, 130 countries have been officially assigned EAN codes, while the remaining countries either share a code with another nation or have not yet been assigned a code. This distinction helps businesses and consumers understand the status of EAN codes for their respective countries, ensuring that products are correctly identified and managed in the international market.

Why Does Andorra Share Its EAN Code with Spain?

Andorra, though a co-principality with both France and Spain, actively chooses to share Spain’s EAN 84 code rather than having its own unique code. This decision is primarily driven by practical and economic factors.

First and foremost, Andorra maintains strong economic ties with Spain. Over the years, Andorra has relied on Spain for the majority of its imports, including essential goods such as food, fuel, and other products. This long-standing relationship naturally led Andorran businesses to align themselves more closely with Spain in terms of trade and logistics.

In addition, the small size of Andorra’s market makes it less feasible to maintain a unique EAN code. With a relatively small population and limited market activity, it isn’t cost-effective for Andorra to have its own system. Sharing Spain’s code helps reduce costs and streamline processes, enabling Andorran companies to integrate smoothly into Spain’s commercial network.

Moreover, logistical efficiency plays a critical role in this choice. By using Spain’s well-established commercial infrastructure, Andorra simplifies its logistics and stock management processes. This allows Andorran businesses to focus on their core operations without worrying about managing separate systems for product identification. As a result, they ensure compliance with global trade standards and enhance their ability to participate in international markets.

In the end, Andorra’s decision to share the EAN code with Spain reflects practical realities and strategic choices. Leveraging Spain’s infrastructure for logistics and distribution, Andorran companies enjoy smoother operations, lower costs, and easier access to global markets, all while ensuring that their products meet international standards for identification and trade.

Examples of Valid EAN Codes for Andorra

For Andorra, the EAN-13 code starts with 84. Here are some examples of valid EAN codes for products registered in Andorra:

  • 8400000000012
  • 8400000000029
  • 8400000000036

These codes follow the standard EAN-13 structure, with the prefix “84” indicating Andorra/Spain, followed by a product reference number and a calculated check digit.

How the Shared EAN Code Works

GS1 manages the EAN 84 code that Andorra shares with Spain. Andorran companies register their products for international trade and use Spain’s infrastructure to handle logistics and distribution. This setup ensures that Andorran businesses can efficiently enter global markets without needing their own EAN code.

Other small countries, such as Monaco and San Marino, also share EAN codes with larger neighbors like France and Italy. They benefit from the same logistics and distribution advantages, which simplifies their participation in international trade. By sharing these codes, smaller nations ensure full compliance with global standards, while avoiding the complexities of managing their own code.

Benefits of Sharing the Code

There are several advantages to Andorra sharing its EAN code with Spain:

  • Simplified Trade: Andorran products can move freely between Andorra and Spain without needing recoding.
  • Cost Reduction: Companies in Andorra avoid the expense of obtaining and managing a separate EAN code.
  • Efficient Stock Management: Sharing a code allows businesses to use the same product tracking systems as Spanish companies.

How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes

Ensuring that your EAN or UPC codes are valid is essential for avoiding errors in product tracking and inventory management. This section explains how to verify codes by calculating the check digit and ensuring compliance with international standards.

Differences Between EAN and UPC Codes

  • UPC (Universal Product Code): This is a 12-digit barcode primarily used in North America.
  • EAN (European Article Number): A 13-digit barcode used internationally, particularly in Europe.

Both codes refer to the same products, but the EAN adds a digit to comply with global standards.

Steps to Verify EAN Codes Using the Check Digit

You can verify the validity of an EAN code by calculating its check digit. Let’s take the example of the EAN code 0659436219502 and follow these steps:

  1. Multiply the digits:
    • Multiply the odd-positioned digits (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.) by 1.
    • Multiply the even-positioned digits (2nd, 4th, 6th, etc.) by 3.
  2. Add the results: Add the results of your multiplications:
    • (0 * 1) + (6 * 3) + (5 * 1) + (9 * 3) + (4 * 1) + (3 * 3) + (6 * 1) + (2 * 3) + (1 * 1) + (9 * 3) + (5 * 1) + (0 * 3) = 110.
  3. Determine the check digit:
    • Find the number that, when added to your total, will make it a multiple of 10.
    • In this case, the total is 110, which is already a multiple of 10, so the check digit is 0.
  4. Confirm the code:
    • With the check digit 0, the full EAN code 0659436219502 is valid.

How to Verify the Validity of EAN and UPC Codes

Verifying the validity of your EAN or UPC codes is essential for preventing errors in product tracking and inventory management. To confirm that your codes are correct, you can calculate the check digit. This simple process confirms whether the code follows the proper structure. However, to ensure full compliance with global standards, you should consider using tools like Verified by GS1.

By using GS1’s verification service, you can easily check if your product’s code is registered and recognized worldwide. This step not only guarantees that your EAN or UPC code meets international standards, but it also enhances your credibility in the market. As a result, you can ensure smooth operations across the supply chain, minimizing the risk of errors and maintaining trust with your partners and customers.

UPC and EAN: Differences and Correspondence for Andorran Products

While UPC and EAN codes differ in length, they both identify the same product globally. The UPC code typically consists of 12 digits, mainly used in North America, while the EAN code has 13 digits and is used internationally, including in Andorra, which shares the EAN 84 code with Spain.

Here’s how UPC and EAN codes correspond for the same Andorran product:

Product UPC EAN (Andorra)
Andorran Product 1 012345678905 84012345678905
Andorran Product 2 123456789012 84123456789012
Andorran Product 3 234567890123 84234567890123

In these examples, you can see that the EAN codes begin with 84, representing Andorra/Spain, and are structured similarly to UPC codes, with the addition of an extra digit to comply with international standards.

Alternatives to GS1 for Obtaining EAN Codes

While GS1 is the global authority responsible for assigning EAN codes, there are several alternative methods to obtain these codes. These options are often better suited for small businesses or start-ups that may be looking for more cost-effective solutions. Let’s explore these alternatives and their advantages.

EAN Code Resellers

First, you can consider purchasing EAN codes from resellers. These resellers buy unused EAN codes from GS1 and then sell them at a reduced price. As a result, this option can be much more affordable. However, you need to keep in mind that these codes might not be registered under your company in the GS1 database, which could lead to potential issues when it comes to product traceability.

Online Platforms

Another convenient option involves using online platforms like Nationwide Barcode and Buyabarcode.com, which provide EAN codes quickly and at a lower cost. In this case, you benefit from faster access to the codes. However, because these codes might not be directly linked to your company in the official GS1 system, this could cause traceability challenges with larger retailers or international partners.

Local or Regional Solutions

In some regions, local agencies offer EAN codes specifically for use within that country or area. These local solutions are usually cheaper, making them a good choice for businesses that operate regionally. On the downside, these codes may not be recognized internationally, limiting your opportunities for global trade.

Finding the Best EAN Code Solution for Your Business

When you sell products internationally or work with large retailers, obtaining your EAN codes directly from GS1 ensures full recognition and traceability across global markets. This choice provides the highest level of confidence that your products will meet international standards. It helps your business thrive in a competitive environment.

On the other hand, if your business operates primarily in local or regional markets, you should consider exploring more affordable alternatives. You could turn to EAN resellers or local agencies, which offer flexibility at a lower cost. These options still allow you to meet the needs of smaller markets. At the same time, they give you room to scale when necessary. In many cases, this approach proves more cost-effective for businesses that don’t require global compliance right away.

Throughout this guide, you’ve discovered how EAN codes work and learned why Andorra shares the 84 code with Spain. You’ve also found out how to verify code validity. Whether you run a small business with local reach or a large enterprise with global aspirations, understanding the best approach to EAN code acquisition empowers you to make the right decision for your business. In the end, choosing the right path sets your products up for success. It ensures they can be tracked and managed smoothly, no matter where they are sold.

2024, Articles, Digital Security, News

Russian Espionage Hacking Tools Revealed

Posted on by FMTAD
Operation Dual Face - Russian Espionage Hacking Tools in a high-tech cybersecurity control room showing Russian involvement
31
Aug
Jacques Gascuel provides an in-depth analysis of Russian espionage hacking tools in the “Digital Security” topic, focusing on their technical details, legal implications, and global cybersecurity impact. Regular updates keep you informed about the evolving threats, defense strategies from companies like Freemindtronic, and their influence on international cybersecurity practices and regulations.

Russian Espionage: How Western Hacking Tools Were Turned Against Their Makers

Russian espionage hacking tools came into focus on August 29, 2024, when operatives linked to the SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia) adapted and weaponized Western-developed spyware. This espionage campaign specifically targeted Mongolian government officials. The subject explored in this “Digital Security” topic delves into the technical details, methods used, global implications, and strategies nations can implement to detect and protect against such sophisticated threats.
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Russian Espionage Hacking Tools: Discovery and Initial Findings

Russian espionage hacking tools were uncovered by Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) on August 29, 2024, during an investigation prompted by unusual activity on Mongolian government websites. These sites had been compromised for several months. Russian hackers, linked to the SVR, embedded sophisticated malware into these sites to target the credentials of government officials, particularly those from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Compromised Websites can be accessed at the Government of Mongolia. It’s recommended to use secure, up-to-date devices when visiting.

Historical Context of Espionage

Espionage has been a fundamental part of statecraft for centuries. The practice dates back to ancient civilizations, with documented use in places like ancient China and Egypt, where it played a vital role in military and political strategies. In modern times, espionage continues to be a key tool for nations to protect their interests, gather intelligence, and navigate the complex web of international relations.

Despite its prevalence, espionage remains largely unregulated by international law. Countries develop or acquire various tools and technologies to conduct espionage, often pushing the boundaries of legality and ethics. This lack of regulation means that espionage is widely accepted, if not officially sanctioned, as a necessary element of national security.

Global Dynamics of Cyber Espionage

In the evolving landscape of cyber espionage, the relationships between nation-states are far from straightforward. While Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) has notoriously employed cyberattacks against Western nations, it’s critical to note that these tactics aren’t limited to clear-cut adversaries. Recently, Chinese Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups have targeted Russian systems. This development underscores that cyber espionage transcends traditional geopolitical boundaries, illustrating that even ostensibly neutral or allied nations may engage in sophisticated cyber operations against one another. Even countries that appear neutral or allied on the global stage engage in sophisticated cyber operations against one another. This complexity underscores a broader trend in cyber espionage, where alliances in the physical world do not always translate to cyberspace. Consider splitting complex sentences like this to improve readability: “As a result, this growing web of cyber operations challenges traditional perceptions of global espionage. It compels nations to reassess their understanding of cyber threats, which may come from unexpected directions. Nations must now consider potential cyber threats from all fronts, including those from unexpected quarters.

Recent Developments in Cyber Espionage

Add a transitional sentence before this, such as “In recent months, the landscape of cyber espionage has evolved, with new tactics emerging that underscore the ongoing threat. APT29, known for its persistent cyber operations, has recently weaponized Western-developed spyware tools, turning them against their original creators. This alarming trend exemplifies the adaptive nature of cyber threats. In particular, the group’s activities have exploited new vulnerabilities within the Mongolian government’s digital infrastructure, demonstrating their ongoing commitment to cyber espionage. Moreover, these developments signal a critical need for continuous vigilance and adaptation in cybersecurity measures. As hackers refine their methods, the importance of staying informed about the latest tactics cannot be overstated. This topic brings the most current insights into focus, ensuring that readers understand the immediacy and relevance of these cyber threats in today’s interconnected world.

Who Are the Russian Hackers?

The SVR (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki), Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service, manages intelligence and espionage operations outside Russia. It succeeded the First Chief Directorate (FCD) of the KGB and operates directly under the president’s oversight. For more information, you can visit their official website.

APT29, also known as Cozy Bear, is the group responsible for this operation. With a history of conducting sophisticated cyber espionage campaigns, APT29 has consistently targeted governmental, diplomatic, and security institutions worldwide. Their persistent activities have made APT29 a significant threat to global cybersecurity.

Methodology: How Russian Espionage Hacking Tools Were Deployed

Compromise Procedure:

  1. Initial Breach:
    To begin with, APT29 gained unauthorized access to several official Mongolian government websites between November 2023 and July 2024. The attackers exploited known vulnerabilities that had, unfortunately, remained effective on outdated systems, even though patches were available from major vendors such as Google and Apple. Furthermore, the tools used in these attacks included commercial spyware similar to those developed by companies like NSO Group and Intellexa, which had been adapted and weaponized by Russian operatives.
  2. Embedding Malicious Code:
    Subsequently, after gaining access, the attackers embedded sophisticated JavaScript code into the compromised web pages. In particular, this malicious code was meticulously designed to harvest login credentials, cookies, and other sensitive information from users visiting these sites. Moreover, the tools employed were part of a broader toolkit adapted from commercial surveillance software, which APT29 had repurposed to advance the objectives of Operation Dual Face.
  3. Data Exfiltration:
    Finally, once the data was collected, Russian operatives exfiltrated it to SVR-controlled servers. As a result, they were able to infiltrate email accounts and secure communications of Mongolian government officials. Thus, the exfiltrated data provided valuable intelligence to the SVR, furthering Russia’s geopolitical objectives in the region.

Detecting Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

Effective detection of Russian espionage hacking tools requires vigilance. Governments must constantly monitor their websites for unusual activity. Implement advanced threat detection tools that can identify and block malicious scripts. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments are essential to protect against these threats.

Enhancing Defense Against Operation Dual Face with Advanced Cybersecurity Tools

In response to sophisticated espionage threats like Operation Dual Face, it is crucial to deploy advanced cybersecurity solutions. Russian operatives have reverse-engineered and adapted elements from Western-developed hacking tools to advance their own cyber espionage goals, making robust defense strategies more necessary than ever. Products like DataShielder NFC HSM Master, PassCypher NFC HSM Master, PassCypher HSM PGP Password Manager, and DataShielder HSM PGP Encryption offer robust defenses against the types of vulnerabilities exploited in this operation.

DataShielder NFC HSM secures communications with AES-256 CBC encryption, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive emails and documents. This level of encryption would have protected the Mongolian government’s communications from interception. PassCypher NFC HSM provides strong defenses against phishing and credential theft, two tactics prominently used in Operation Dual Face. Its automatic URL sandboxing feature protects against phishing attacks, while its NFC HSM integration ensures that even if attackers gain entry, they cannot extract stored credentials without the NFC HSM device.

DataShielder HSM PGP Encryption revolutionizes secure communication for businesses and governmental entities worldwide. Designed for Windows and macOS, this tool operates serverless and without databases, enhancing security and user privacy. It offers seamless encryption directly within web browsers like Chromium and Firefox, making it an indispensable tool in advanced security solutions. With its flexible licensing system, users can choose from various options, including hourly or lifetime licenses, ensuring cost-effective and transient usage on any third-party computer.

Additionally, DataShielder NFC HSM Auth offers a formidable defense against identity fraud and CEO fraud. This device ensures that sensitive communications, especially in high-risk environments, remain secure and tamper-proof. It is particularly effective in preventing unauthorized wire transfers and protecting against Business Email Compromise (BEC).

These tools provide advanced encryption and authentication features that directly address the weaknesses exploited in Operation Dual Face. By integrating them into their cybersecurity strategies, nations can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to similar cyber espionage campaigns in the future.

Global Reactions to Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

Russia’s espionage activities, particularly their use of Western hacking tools, have sparked significant diplomatic tensions. Mongolia, backed by several allied nations, called for an international inquiry into the breach. Online forums and cybersecurity communities have actively discussed the implications. Many experts emphasize the urgent need for improved global cyber norms and cooperative defense strategies to combat Russian espionage hacking tools.

Global Strategy of Russian Cyber Espionage

Russian espionage hacking tools, prominently featured in the operation against Mongolia, are part of a broader global strategy. The SVR, leveraging the APT29 group (also known as Cozy Bear), has conducted cyber espionage campaigns across multiple countries, including North America and Europe. These campaigns often target key sectors, with industries like biotechnology frequently under threat. When mentioning specific industries, ensure accurate references based on the most recent data or reports. If this is speculative or generalized, it may be appropriate to state, “…and key industries, including, but not limited to, biotechnology.”

The Historical Context of Espionage

Espionage is a practice as old as nations themselves. Countries worldwide have relied on it for centuries. The first documented use of espionage dates back to ancient civilizations, where it played a vital role in statecraft, particularly in ancient China and Egypt. In modern times, nations continue to employ espionage to safeguard their interests. Despite its widespread use, espionage remains largely unregulated by international law. Like many other nations, Russia develops or acquires espionage tools as part of its strategy to protect and advance its national interests.

Mongolia’s Geopolitical Significance

Mongolia’s geopolitical importance, particularly its position between Russia and China, likely made it a target for espionage. The SVR probably sought to gather intelligence not only on Mongolia but also on its interactions with Western nations. This broader strategy aligns with Russia’s ongoing efforts to extend its geopolitical influence through cyber means.

The Need for International Cooperation

The persistence of these operations, combined with the sophisticated methods employed, underscores the critical need for international cooperation in cybersecurity. As espionage remains a common and historically accepted practice among nations, the development and use of these tools are integral to national security strategies globally. However, the potential risks associated with their misuse emphasize the importance of vigilance and robust cybersecurity measures.

Global Reach of Russian Espionage Hacking Tools

In the evolving landscape of modern cyber espionage, Russian hacking tools have increasingly gained significant attention. Specifically, while Mongolia was targeted in the operation uncovered on August 29, 2024, it is important to recognize that this activity forms part of a broader, more concerning pattern. To confirm these findings, it is essential to reference authoritative reports and articles. For instance, according to detailed accounts by the UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) and the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the SVR, acting through APT29 (Cozy Bear), has executed cyber espionage campaigns across multiple countries. These reports highlight the SVR’s extensive involvement in global cyber espionage, which significantly reinforces the credibility of these claims. Moreover, these operations frequently target governmental institutions, critical infrastructure, and key industries, such as biotechnology.

Given Mongolia’s strategic location between Russia and China, it was likely selected as a target for specific reasons. The SVR may have aimed to gather intelligence on Mongolia’s diplomatic relations, especially its interactions with Western nations. This broader strategy aligns closely with Russia’s ongoing efforts to extend its geopolitical influence through cyber means.

The sophistication and persistence of these operations clearly underscore the urgent need for international cooperation in cybersecurity. As nations continue to develop and deploy these tools, the global community must, therefore, remain vigilant and proactive in addressing the formidable challenges posed by cyber espionage.

Historical Context and Comparative Analysis

Historical Precedents
Russia’s use of reverse-engineered spyware mirrors previous incidents involving Chinese state-sponsored actors who adapted Western tools for cyber espionage. This pattern highlights the growing challenge of controlling the spread and misuse of advanced cyber tools in international espionage. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated global responses.

Future Implications and Predictions

Long-Term Impact
The proliferation of surveillance technologies continues to pose a significant threat to global cybersecurity. Nations must urgently collaborate to establish robust international agreements. These agreements will govern the sale, distribution, and use of such tools. Doing so will help prevent their misuse by hostile states.

Visual and Interactive Elements

Operation Dual Face: Timeline and Attack Flow

Timeline:
This visual representation spans from November 2023, marking the initial breach, to the discovery of the cyberattack in August 2024. The timeline highlights the critical stages of the operation, showcasing the progression and impact of the attack.

Attack Flow:
The flowchart details the attackers’ steps, showing the process from exploiting vulnerabilities, embedding malicious code, to exfiltrating data.

Global Impact:
A map (if applicable) displays the geographical spread of APT29’s activities, highlighting other nations potentially affected by similar tactics.

A detailed timeline illustrating the stages of the Operation Dual Face cyberattack, from the initial breach in November 2023 to the discovery in August 2024.
The timeline of Operation Dual Face showcases the critical stages from the initial breach to the discovery of the cyberattack, highlighting the progression and impact of the attack.

Moving Forward

The Russian adaptation and deployment of Western-developed spyware in Operation Dual Face underscore the significant risks posed by the uncontrolled proliferation of cyber-surveillance tools. The urgent need for international collaboration is clear. Establishing ethical guidelines and strict controls is essential, especially as these technologies continue to evolve and pose new threats.

For further insights on the spyware tools involved, please refer to the detailed articles:

2024, Articles, Cyberculture, legal, Legal information, News

End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation – A European Issue

Posted on by FMTAD
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10
Jun

The Controversy of End-to-End Messaging Encryption in the European Union

In a world where online privacy is increasingly threatened, the European Union finds itself at the center of a controversy: Reducing the negative effects of end-to-end encryption of messaging services. This technology, which ensures that only the sender and recipient can read the content of messages, is now being questioned by some EU member states.

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Discover our new Cyberculture article about a End-to-End Messaging Encryption European Regulation. Authored by Jacques Gascuel, a pioneer in Contactless, Serverless, Databaseless, Loginless and wireless security solutions. Stay informed and safe by subscribing to our regular updates.

Regulation of Secure Communication in the EU

The European Union is considering measures to regulate secure messaging practices. This technology ensures that only the sender and recipient can read the messages. However, some EU member states are questioning its impact on law enforcement capabilities

Control of Secure Messaging and Fragmentation

If the EU adopts these proposals, it could fragment the digital landscape. Tech companies might need to choose between complying with EU regulations or limiting their encrypted messaging services to users outside the EU. This could negatively affect European users by reducing their access to secure communication tools.

Why the EU Considers End-to-End Messaging Encryption Control

Law enforcement agencies across 32 European states, including the 27 EU member states, are expressing concerns over the deployment of end-to-end encryption by instant messaging apps. Their fear is that this could hinder the detection of illegal activities, as companies are unable to monitor the content of encrypted messages. This concern is one of the key reasons why the EU is considering implementing control over end-to-end message encryption.

Exploring the Details of the Proposed Regulation on Encrypted Messaging

EU Commissioner for Home Affairs, Ylva Johansson, has put forward a proposal that could significantly impact the tech industry. This proposal actively seeks to mandate tech companies to conduct thorough scans of their platforms, extending even to users’ private messages, in an effort to detect any illicit content.

However, this proposal has not been without controversy. It has sown seeds of confusion and concern among cryptographers and privacy advocates alike, primarily due to the potential implications it could have on secure messaging. The balance between ensuring security and preserving privacy remains a complex and ongoing debate in the face of this proposed regulation.

Background of the EU Proposal on Secure Messaging

A significant amount of support can be found among member states for proposals to scan private messages for illegal content, particularly child pornography, as shown in a European Council document. Spain has shown strong support for the ban on end-to-end messaging encryption.

Misunderstanding the Scan Form

Out of the 20 EU countries represented in the document, the majority have declared themselves in favor of some form of scanning encrypted messages. This proposal has caused confusion among cryptographers and privacy advocates due to its potential impact on secure communication protocols.

The Risks of Ending End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Privacy advocates and cryptography experts warn against the inherent risks of weakening encryption. They emphasize that backdoors could be exploited by malicious actors, thus increasing user vulnerability to cyberattacks.

Position of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on Secure Messaging

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has taken a stance on end-to-end messaging encryption. In a ruling dated February 13, the ECHR declared that creating backdoors in end-to-end encrypted messaging services like Telegram and Signal would violate fundamental human rights such as freedom of expression and privacy. This ruling highlights the importance of end-to-end messaging encryption as a tool for protecting privacy and freedom of expression within the context of human rights in Europe.

Messaging Apps’ Stance on End-to-End Encryption Regulation

As the European Union considers implementing control over end-to-end message encryption, several messaging apps have voiced their concerns and positions. Here are the views of major players in the field:

Signal’s Position on End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation

Signal, a secure messaging app known for its commitment to privacy, has taken a strong stance against the proposed regulation. Meredith Whittaker, president of Signal, has described the European legislative proposal as “surveillance wine in security bottles.” In the face of this legislative proposal, Signal has even threatened to cease its activities in Europe. Despite this, Whittaker affirmed that the company would stay in Europe to support the right to privacy of European citizens.

WhatsApp’s Concerns on End-to-End Messaging Encryption Regulation

WhatsApp, another major player in the messaging app field, has also expressed concerns about the proposed regulation. Helen Charles, a public affairs representative for WhatsApp, expressed “concerns regarding the implementation” of such a solution at a seminar. She stated, “We believe that any request to analyze content in an encrypted messaging service could harm fundamental rights.” Charles advocates for the use of other techniques, such as user reporting and monitoring internet traffic, to detect suspicious behavior.

Twitter’s Consideration of End-to-End Messaging Encryption

In 2022, Elon Musk discussed the possibility of integrating end-to-end encryption into Twitter’s messaging. He stated, “I should not be able to access anyone’s private messages, even if someone put a gun to my head” and “Twitter’s private messages should be end-to-end encrypted like Signal, so that no one can spy on or hack your messages.”

Mailfence’s Emphasis on End-to-End Encryption

Mailfence, a secure email service, has declared that end-to-end encryption plays a crucial role in setting up secure messaging. They believe it’s extremely important to protect online privacy.

Meta’s Deployment of End-to-End Encryption

Meta (formerly Facebook) recently deployed end-to-end encryption by default for Messenger conversations. This means that only the sender and recipient can access the content of the messages, with Meta being unable to view them.

Other Messaging Apps’ Views on End-to-End Encryption

Other messaging apps have also expressed their views on end-to-end encryption:

Europol’s View

The heads of European police, including Europol, have expressed their need for legal access to private messages. They have emphasized that tech companies should be able to analyze these messages to protect users. Europol’s director, Catherine De Bolle, even stated, “Our homes are becoming more dangerous than our streets as crime spreads online. To ensure the safety of our society and our citizens, we need this digital environment to be secure. Tech companies have a social responsibility to develop a safer environment where law enforcement and justice can do their job. If the police lose the ability to collect evidence, our society will not be able to prevent people from becoming victims of criminal acts”.

Slack’s View

Slack, a business communication platform, has emphasized the importance of end-to-end encryption in preserving the confidentiality of communications and ensuring business security.

Google’s View

Google Messages uses end-to-end encryption to prevent unauthorized interception of messages. Encryption ensures that only legitimate recipients can access the exchanged messages, preventing malicious third parties from intercepting or reading conversations.

Legislative Amendments on End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Several proposed amendments related to end-to-end messaging encryption include:

Encryption, especially end-to-end, is becoming an essential tool for securing the confidentiality of all users’ communications, including those of children. Any restrictions or infringements on end-to-end encryption can potentially be exploited by malicious third parties. No provision of this regulation should be construed as prohibiting, weakening, or compromising end-to-end encryption. Information society service providers should not face any barriers in offering their services using the highest encryption standards, as this encryption is crucial for trust and security in digital services.

The regulation permits service providers to select the technologies they employ to comply with detection orders. It should not be interpreted as either encouraging or discouraging the use of a specific technology, as long as the technologies and accompanying measures adhere to the requirements of this regulation. This includes the use of end-to-end encryption technology, a vital tool for ensuring the security and confidentiality of users’ communications, including those of children.

When implementing the detection order, providers should employ all available safeguards to ensure that the technologies they use cannot be exploited by them, their employees, or third parties for purposes other than compliance with this regulation. This helps to avoid compromising the security and confidentiality of users’ communications while ensuring the effective detection of child sexual abuse material and balancing all fundamental rights involved. In this context, providers should establish effective internal procedures and safeguards to prevent general surveillance. Detection orders should not apply to end-to-end encryption.

Advantages and Disadvantages of End-to-End Messaging Encryption

Advantages:

  • Privacy: End-to-end messaging encryption protects users’ privacy by ensuring that only the participants in the conversation can read the messages.
  • Security: Even if data is intercepted, it remains unintelligible to unauthorized parties.

Disadvantages:

  • Limitation of Detection of Illegal Activities: Law enforcement agencies fear that end-to-end messaging encryption hinders their ability to fight the most heinous crimes, as it prevents companies from regulating illegal activities on their platforms.

Technical Implications of Backdoors in End-to-End Messaging Encryption

The introduction of backdoors in encryption systems presents significant technical implications. A backdoor is a covert mechanism deliberately introduced into a computer system that allows bypassing standard authentication processes. It can reside in the core of a software’s source code, at the firmware level of a device, or be rooted in communication protocols. Backdoors can be exploited by malicious actors, increasing user vulnerability to cyberattacks. Detecting backdoors requires constant technological vigilance and rigorous system analysis.

Implications of New Cryptographic Technologies for Content Moderation

Innovation in cryptography is paving the way for new methods that allow effective content moderation while preserving end-to-end messaging encryption. Recent research is delving into advanced cryptographic technologies that empower platforms to detect and moderate problematic content without compromising communication privacy. These technologies, often rooted in artificial intelligence and natural language processing, have the capability to analyze metadata and behavior patterns to identify illicit content. For instance, the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) is aiming to make platform recommendation algorithms transparent and regulate online content moderation more effectively.

This could encompass systems that assess the context and frequency of messages to detect abuses without decrypting the content itself. Moreover, solutions like AI-based content moderation offer substantial advantages for managing online reputation, delivering faster and more consistent responses than manual moderation. These systems can be trained to recognize specific patterns of hate speech or terrorist content, enabling swift intervention while respecting user privacy. The integration of these innovations into messaging platforms could potentially resolve the dilemma between public safety and privacy protection. It provides authorities with the necessary tools to combat crime without infringing on individuals’ fundamental rights to communication privacy.

Potential Impact of This Technology on End-to-End Messaging Encryption of Messaging Services

Adopting these new cryptographic technologies represents a major advance in how we view online security and privacy. They offer considerable potential for improving content moderation while preserving end-to-end messaging encryption, ensuring a safer internet while protecting human rights in the digital age. These innovations could play a key role in implementing European regulations on end-to-end messaging encryption, balancing security needs with respect for privacy.

Messaging Services Affected by European Legislation

Among the popular messaging applications that use end-to-end messaging encryption available in Europe are:

  • Signal: A secure messaging application that uses end-to-end encryption. It ensures that only the sender and recipient can access message content, even when data is in transit on the network.
  • WhatsApp: Adopted end-to-end encryption in 2016. It ensures that messages are encrypted at the sender’s device and only decrypted at the recipient’s device.
  • Messenger: Meta (formerly Facebook) plans to generalize end-to-end encryption on Messenger by 2024.
  • Telegram: Uses end-to-end encryption for specific features, such as Secret Chats, ensuring message privacy between the sender and recipient.
  • iMessage: Apple’s messaging service uses end-to-end encryption for messages sent between Apple devices.
  • Viber: Another messaging app that uses end-to-end encryption to secure messages between users.
  • Threema: A secure messaging app that employs end-to-end encryption for all communications, providing high privacy standards.
  • Wire: Offers end-to-end encryption for messages, calls, and shared files, focusing on both personal and business communication.
  • Wickr: Provides end-to-end encryption for messaging and is known for its strong security features.
  • Dust: Emphasizes user privacy with end-to-end encryption and self-destructing messages.
  • ChatSecure: An open-source messaging app offering end-to-end encryption over XMPP with OTR encryption.
  • Element (formerly Riot): A secure messaging app built on the Matrix protocol, providing end-to-end encryption for all communications.
  • Keybase: Combines secure messaging with file sharing and team communication, all protected by end-to-end encryption.

Balancing Security and Privacy

The debate over end-to-end messaging encryption highlights the difficulty of finding a balance between security and privacy in the digital age. On the one hand, law enforcement agencies need effective tools to fight crime and terrorism. On the other hand, citizens have the fundamental right to privacy and the protection of their communications.

Alternatives to Weakened End-to-End Messaging Encryption?

It is crucial to explore alternatives that address law enforcement’s public safety concerns without compromising users’ privacy. Possible solutions include developing better digital investigation techniques, improving international cooperation between law enforcement agencies, and raising public awareness about online dangers.

Navigating Encryption: Security and Regulatory Impediments

Limitations and Challenges of Advanced Cryptographic Technologies

Hardware security modules (HSMs), such as PGP, actively enhance messaging and file encryption security. Similarly, Near Field Communication (NFC) hardware security modules, like DataShielder, significantly bolster protection. Yet, we must confront the significant limitations that regulations introduce; these aim to curtail the protection of both private and corporate data. By encrypting data before transmission, these solutions robustly defend against interception and unauthorized access, whether legal or otherwise. Additionally, this technology stands resilient to AI-driven content moderation filters. In particular, this pertains to messages and files that systems like DataShielder encrypt externally; subsequently, these services are employed for communication.

Ineffectiveness of AI-Based Moderation Filters

Content moderation systems relying on artificial intelligence face a major obstacle: they cannot decrypt and analyze content protected by advanced encryption methods. As a result, despite advances in AI and natural language processing, these filters become inoperative when confronted with messages or files encrypted via HSM PGP or NFC HSM.

Consequences for Security and Privacy

This limitation raises important questions about platforms’ ability to detect and prevent the spread of illicit content while respecting user privacy. It highlights the technical challenge of developing solutions that strike a balance between privacy protection and public safety requirements.

Towards a Balanced Solution

It is imperative to continue researching and developing new cryptographic technologies that enable effective moderation without compromising privacy. The goal is to find innovative methods that respect fundamental rights while providing authorities with the tools needed to fight criminal activities.

HSM PGP and NFC HSM: Alternatives to End-to-End Messaging Encryption

In addition to end-to-end encrypted messaging services, there are alternative solutions like Hardware Security Modules (HSM PGP) and Near Field Communication Hardware Security Modules (NFC HSM) that offer potentially higher levels of security. These devices are designed to protect cryptographic keys and perform sensitive cryptographic operations, ensuring data security throughout its lifecycle.

DataShielder NFC HSM and DataShielder HSM PGP are examples of products that use these technologies to encrypt communications and data anonymously. These tools allow encryption of not only messages but also all types of data, providing a versaced solution that uses Freemindtronic’s EviEngine technology to provide secure and flexible encryption, meeting the diverse needs of professionals and businesses. This solution is designed to operate without a server or database, enhancing security by keeping all data under the user’s control and reducing potential vulnerabilities.

Impact of HSM PGP and NFC HSM on End-to-End Messaging Encryption

HSM PGP and NFC HSM integration adds a vital layer to cybersecurity. They provide a robust solution for information security.

Specifically, DataShielder HSM PGP offers advanced protection. As the EU considers encryption regulation, DataShielder technologies emerge as key alternatives. They ensure confidentiality and security amidst digital complexity. These technologies advocate for encryption as a human rights safeguard. Simultaneously, they address national security issues.

Conclusion

The European legislator faces complexity in harmonizing regulation with Member States. They aim to finalize it by next year. Clearly, preserving end-to-end encryption requires exploring alternatives. This includes better cooperation between law enforcement and advanced investigative techniques.

HSM PGP and NFC HSM transform messaging into secure communication. They do so without servers or identification. Thus, they provide strong protection for organizational communication and data. These measures balance privacy needs with public safety requirements. They offer a comprehensive digital security approach in a complex environment.

Sources

2024, Articles, Cardokey, EviSwap NFC NDEF Technology, GreenTech, Technical News

NFC vCard Cardokey: Revolutionizing Digital Networking

Posted on by FMTAD
Cardokey NFC vCard Business: Edit, Read, and Import Contacts Seamlessly on iPhone.
25
Mar

NFC vCard Cardokey: Free Digital Networking Revolution

This article examines Cardokey’s capabilities to create and manage NFC vCard digital business cards without servers, without databases, without the need for account creation, highlighting its commitment to security, privacy and sustainability . Learn how Cardokey leverages NFC technology to facilitate environmentally friendly and secure business information exchanges. Click here to access Cardokey download links

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Dive into our Tech News section for an in-depth look at the Cardokey NFC vCard, designed by Jacques Gascuel, a pioneer in the field of secure, contactless solutions without the need for servers or databases. Stay up to date and secure with our frequent updates.

NFC vCard: Revolutionize Your Professional Networking

As the creator of Cardokey, I am thrilled to introduce an application revolutionizing the exchange of professional information. Utilizing NFC technology, Cardokey offers a groundbreaking, free, and secure way to create, share, and manage NFC vCard digital business cards without the constraints of traditional methods. Expanding its functionalities to iPhone users, Cardokey now allows for the reading and importing of NFC vCards—a previously costly iOS feature. Moreover, we are on the cusp of enabling Cardokey Pro to convert HSM PGP badges into versatile NFC HSM badges.

The Innovative Concept Behind NFC vCard Cardokey

Cardokey was conceived 3 years ago with the ambition to simplify the sharing of digital identities through secure, data protection law-compliant methods. The application enables anonymous, contactless NFC vCard exchanges, functioning without servers, databases, or account creation, and is designed to operate even in restrictive environments like Faraday cages or in airplane mode. This not only ensures maximum security and privacy but also underscores our commitment to environmental sustainability by repurposing NFC-enabled devices.

Development and Security Features of NFC vCard Cardokey

Crafted by Freemindtronic SL and introduced by Fullsecure Andorra, Cardokey will integrate EviBadge HSM PGP technology, utilizing NFC NDEF storage through EviSwap NFC NDEF technology. This integration ensures the secure storage of encrypted authentication data created by Cardokey Pro Badge. This collaboration enhances Cardokey’s capacity for efficient and secure NFC vCard management, ensuring user privacy and offering flexibility in diverse environments, such as offline or airplane mode.

Ecological Impact and Compliance

Cardokey champions eco-friendly practices in professional networking. We align with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal #12, adhering to ISO 14001, Basel, and WEEE standards. This commitment not only reduces our carbon footprint but also promotes sustainable consumption and production. Cardokey stands as a beacon for environmental stewardship within the digital networking sphere.

Innovative Reuse of NFC Devices

At Cardokey, we see value in repurposing various NFC devices. From ski lift tickets to more mundane objects, we transform them into vessels of professional connectivity. This practice not only breathes new life into potential waste but also aligns with our vision for a sustainable, connected world. With Cardokey, every NFC device has the potential for a meaningful second act.

Comprehensive Overview of Cardokey NFC vCard Capabilities

Cardokey’s functionalities are pivotal in reshaping professional networking. Our detailed table outlines the vast array of features available to both Android and iPhone users. Cardokey simplifies the creation and management of digital business cards and NFC data, ensuring a seamless, secure, and eco-conscious networking experience.

Intelligent Dynamic NFC Memory Management

A standout feature of Cardokey is its intelligent dynamic NFC memory management. This advanced functionality automatically notifies users of the real available memory space of the NFC device in use. By providing an accurate understanding of the storage capabilities within the NDEF-formatted EEPROM, Cardokey enhances user experience, allowing for informed data storage decisions. This insight into the actual storage potential elevates Cardokey’s usability, ensuring optimal use of NFC device memory.

Cardokey Datasheet: Global Deployment and Multilingual Support

Cardokey revolutionizes digital networking. It integrates Freemindtronic’s NFC NDEF EviSwap technology and complies with IEC/ISO 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693 standards. This datasheet highlights its universal security and usability.

Category Feature Android NFC iPhone NFC Coming Soon
Creation Craft a vCard considering space ✓ ✓
Manually create an NFC NDEF vCard ✓ ✓
Generate a vCard from a contact ✓ ✓
Edit NFC URLs for social networks ✓ ✓
Customize NFC URLs ✓ ✓
Badge Mode Create an NFC badge from an encrypted QR Code created by Cardokey Pro ✓
Management/Administration Import NFC vCard to Phone contacts ✓ ✓
Manage NFC card data (CRUD) ✓ ✓
Handle NFC card contacts (CRUD) ✓ ✓
Display contact on phone and card ✓ ✓
Convert NFC to NDEF format ✓
Automate NFC card memory management ✓ ✓
Translate into 14 languages ✓ ✓
HELP (function explanations) ✓ ✓

EviSwap technology enables smart, dynamic NFC memory management. It optimizes NFC device use and provides an intuitive user experience. Cardokey facilitates international NFC device recycling and the use of physical NFC products destined for disposal. It promotes environmental care and enables meaningful global exchanges.This merged section showcases Cardokey’s features, international standards compatibility, and commitment to a borderless user experience. It also emphasizes EviSwap technology’s role in enabling secure, sustainable digital transformation in professional networking.

Use Cases for Cardokey

Cardokey’s versatility supports numerous professional networking scenarios:

Eco-Friendly Digital Business Card Exchange:

  • Swap paper cards for NFC vCards to cut carbon footprint and embrace sustainable development.
  • Share professional details effortlessly at various networking events.
  • Update your contact info anytime without reprinting business cards.

Simplified Management of Digital Identities:

  • Securely store and easily access NFC vCards on your mobile device.
  • Manage multiple vCards for diverse professional roles.
  • Import NFC vCards from different apps or platforms.

Creative Reuse of NFC Devices:

  • Repurpose NFC items like ski passes into personal or professional vCards.
  • Revive unused NFC devices, reducing electronic waste.
  • Implement sustainable networking practices through innovative device reuse.

Enhanced Security and Privacy:

  • Discreetly exchange secure information and contacts via non-connected NFC supports.
  • Operate offline for increased privacy, without reliance on servers or databases.
  • Avoid sharing contact details through third-party apps.

Additional Features:

  • NFC vCards in 14 languages enable global networking.
  • Intelligent NFC memory management for optimal storage space usage.
  • Built-in help feature for easy acclimatization.

Added Value of Cardokey

Lifetime Free Updates for NFC vCards:

  • Ensures your information is always current.
  • Highlights Cardokey’s user-focused design.
  • Demonstrates Cardokey’s dedication to user service and sustainability.

Usage of Recycled Materials:

  • Lowers carbon footprint.
  • Offers a responsible alternative for professionals.
  • Positions Cardokey as an innovative and committed solution.

Example with an NFC Ski Ticket:

  • Simplifies sharing memories or professional links.
  • Gives new purpose to otherwise discarded items.
  • Showcases Cardokey’s adaptability to various needs.

Bridging the Gap in Digital Networking

The capabilities of Cardokey extend far beyond simple contact exchange. Our dedication to innovation, security, and ease of use is evident across all features. Upcoming functionalities will further enhance secure, efficient, and green professional networking. With Cardokey, you’re not merely sharing a digital card; you’re making a profound statement about your professional identity in the digital age.

Let’s Summarize

Cardokey is not just an NFC vCard creation application; it is an innovation in many ways that I passionately want to bring to the world. First of all, this tool is free. It works immediately offline, without needing a server, database, or even creating an account to use it. First of all, it should be noted that Cardokey uses NFC technology. Its objective is to actively participate in the digital transformation of the use of business cards in a digital way. At the same time, my innovation demonstrates a strong commitment to safety, security, privacy and environmental sustainability, principles that are dear to me.

Additionally, Cardokey redefines and expands how professionals connect, share and manage their digital identities. Indeed, it promotes the reuse of many NFC devices, ensuring compliance with strict data protection standards. My innovation doesn’t stop there. Since it presents itself as a pioneering solution, respectful of the environment while taking its legitimate place in the field of digital networks for dual civil and military use through its scalable capacity for free services. It’s a seamless simultaneity of technology and sustainability, a vision I’m proud to see brought to life and made available to you for free.

In conclusion Cardokey: More Than an App, a Sustainable Networking Revolution

Cardokey is evolving into much more than just an app; it represents a significant leap forward for professional networking. By integrating NFC vCard technology, Cardokey facilitates not only an eco-friendly and secure exchange of professional information but also sets a new standard in the way we connect in our digital world. The future holds even greater possibilities with the introduction of advanced cyber defense features, positioning Cardokey as an indispensable tool in the landscape of modern professional networking.

Through innovation, security, and a steadfast commitment to ecological responsibility, Cardokey is reimagining what it means to network professionally. It’s not just about sharing a digital card; it’s about forging connections that are secure, private, and impactful, all while caring for our planet. As we continue to develop Cardokey, we are guided by a vision of a world where professional interactions are seamless, sustainable, and above all, secure.

Join us as we move forward into this new era of professional networking. With Cardokey, you’re not just adopting a new tool; you’re embracing a future where technology enhances our professional lives without compromising our values or the environment. Welcome to the future of networking with Cardokey – where innovation meets sustainability.

We Value Your Feedback

If Cardokey has enhanced your networking experience, consider sharing it with others. Your feedback is crucial to us. Please feel free to rate us on the Apple Store and the Play Store. Every star ✨ and comment helps.

Thank you for your support in shaping the future of Cardokey.

2024, Crypto Currency, Cryptocurrency, Cyberculture, Legal information

EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comprehensive Overview

Posted on by FMTAD
EU military defense of cryptocurrency
15
Mar

EU Sanctions Reshape Crypto

EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency, setting a global precedent. This regulatory overhaul aims to curb evasion and unify enforcement, enhancing transaction transparency. Dive into the EU’s strategic measures to fortify its financial system against the misuse of digital currencies.

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Explore our Cyberculture section for detailed information on the EU Sanctions and Cryptocurrency Regulation, authored by Jacques Gascuel, a pioneer in contactless, serverless, databaseless sensitive data security solutions. Stay up to date and secure with our frequent updates.

EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comprehensive Overview

The EU is stepping up its regulatory game to combat economic sanction evasion, focusing sharply on the cryptocurrency sector. This move aims to unify sanction application practices across member states and enhance digital financial transaction traceability.

New EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency: A Global Context

Amid rising geopolitical tensions, the EU has bolstered its economic regulations. These measures, targeting cryptocurrency freezes, aim to thwart sanction dodging and standardize enforcement across member states.

EU Parliament’s Landmark Regulation Cryptocurrency

Confronting sanction evasion threats, the EU Parliament has enacted a regulation criminalizing such acts. Offenders now face harsh penalties, underscoring the EU’s commitment to maintaining sanction regime integrity.

Capital Freeze and Criminal Wealth Confiscation

A significant breakthrough, the EU Council and Parliament have agreed on rules for freezing and seizing criminal funds. This regulation extends to cryptocurrencies, highlighting the EU’s resolve to strip criminals of illicit gains.

Cryptocurrency Implications

These recent regulations signal a pivotal shift in the fight against cryptocurrency misuse. The EU’s clear intent is to battle illicit activities and bolster financial security within its borders.

International Comparison of Cryptocurrency Regulations

While the EU adopts stringent measures against Russia, it’s insightful to compare its stance with other global powers. The US exhibits a fragmented regulatory approach, China enforces restrictive policies, and the UK navigates post-Brexit with moderate regulations. This comparison underscores the varied strategies nations employ to address the rapidly evolving cryptocurrency sector.

Cold Wallets: EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency Regulations’ Reach

Cold wallets, designed for offline key and cryptocurrency address storage, fall outside the direct scope of new EU regulations. Devices like EviVault and EviSeed, incorporating NFC and HSM technologies, do not facilitate transaction signing, placing them beyond payment service regulations.

Hardware Wallets: Transaction Signing Scrutiny

Hardware wallets, enabling private key storage and transaction signing, face stricter regulations. The EU aims to prevent these devices from circumventing sanctions, imposing compliance requirements for signed transactions.

Enhancing Previous Directives

The new regulation builds on previous directives like AMLD5, which set anti-money laundering and terrorism financing standards in the cryptocurrency sector. It introduces additional obligations for crypto service providers, focusing on user identity verification and suspicious transaction monitoring.

Comparative Analysis: International Regulatory Approaches

The global landscape of cryptocurrency regulation is diverse and evolving. The PwC Global Crypto Regulation Report 2023 highlights the varying degrees of regulatory development across jurisdictions. For instance, while the EU has made significant strides with the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), differences in scope and implementation timelines persist when compared to other regions. The United States continues to balance innovation with investor protection, employing a multifaceted regulatory approach. In contrast, China maintains a more restrictive stance, reflecting its broader financial policies.

Inclusion of Regulatory References: MiCA

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) represents a landmark in EU financial legislation, establishing uniform market rules for crypto-assets not previously covered by financial services laws. MiCA’s key provisions address transparency, disclosure, authorization, and supervision of transactions, aiming to support market integrity and financial stability. As such, MiCA is a critical reference point for understanding the EU’s approach to digital asset regulation.

Regulations’ Links and Effective Dates

Conclusion

The EU’s latest regulatory measures on cryptocurrency sanctions reflect a proactive stance in addressing the challenges of financial technology. By fortifying sanctions and enhancing compliance, the EU not only aims to deter sanction evasion but also demonstrates its resolve to protect the integrity of its financial system amidst the dynamic digital economy.

2024, DataShielder, Digital Security, PassCypher, Phishing

Midnight Blizzard Cyberattack Against Microsoft and HPE: What are the consequences?

Posted on by FMTAD
Digital world map showing cyberattack paths with Midnight Blizzard, Microsoft, HPE logos, email symbols, and password spray illustrations.
10
Mar

Discover Russian Tactics by Midnight Blizzard

Midnight Blizzard, supported by Russian strategy, targeted Microsoft and HPE, orchestrating sophisticated cyberattacks. We delve into the facts, consequences, and effective protective measures such as PassCypher and DataShielder to combat this type of espionage.

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Explore our digital security feature on the Midnight Blizzard cyberattack against Microsoft and HPE by Jacques Gascuel. Stay updated and secure with our insights.

Updated March 20, 2024

Midnight Blizzard Cyberattack against Microsoft and HPE: A detailed analysis of the facts, the impacts and the lessons to learn

In 2023 and 2024, two IT giants, Microsoft and Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), which has been using Microsoft 365 as its cloud messaging platform since 2017), fell victim to cyberattacks carried out by a hacker group linked to the Russian government. These attacks allowed hackers to gain access to the internal systems, source code, and sensitive data of companies and their customers. What are the facts, consequences and lessons to be learned from these incidents?

Update: Microsoft 365 Cyberattack Intensifies

Initial Underestimation: Researchers reveal the cyberattack on Microsoft 365 is far more severe than first anticipated.
APT Exploits Data: The APT group, orchestrating the attack, has leveraged exfiltrated data to delve deeper into Microsoft’s network.
Security Experts Raise Concerns: Security professionals express concerns over disjointed defense teams. They fear unidentified vulnerabilities may persist.
Microsoft’s Stance: Popular opinion suggests Microsoft is ‘caught off-guard’ against such sophisticated attacks.
Ongoing Efforts: Microsoft is now bolstering defenses, ensuring tighter coordination across security teams to address these challenges.

For more details, refer to the official Microsoft Security Response Center update.

How were the attacks carried out against Microsoft and HPE?

The attacks on Microsoft and HPE were carried out by the same hacker group, Midnight Blizzard, which is linked to the Russian government. The hackers used the same technique to infiltrate the networks of both companies: compromising Microsoft 365 email. This cloud-based messaging platform is used by many organizations to communicate and collaborate.

“Password Spray” Attack Method Against Microsoft and HPE

The compromise of Microsoft 365’s email and HPE’s email accounts was achieved through a simple but effective method known as “password spraying.” This technique, often used after a brute force attack, involves guessing a password by trying several combinations, usually from previous data breaches.

The hackers used this method to gain access to an old test account on Microsoft’s network. Once they gained access, they were able to infiltrate HPE’s email accounts.

“Password spraying” is a technique where hackers use common passwords to attempt to gain access to multiple accounts on the same domain. Using a list of commonly used weak passwords, a hacker can potentially gain access to hundreds of accounts in a single attack. This differs from “Credential Stuffing”, where a single set of credentials is used to attempt to access different accounts across multiple domains.

In the case of the Midnight Blizzard attack on Microsoft, the hacker group used a password spray attack to compromise a legacy non-productive test account and gain a foothold. They then used the account’s permissions to gain access to a very small percentage of Microsoft’s corporate email accounts, including members of the executive team and employees in cybersecurity, legal, and other functions. They managed to exfiltrate some emails and attached documents.

Once they gained access to email accounts, the hackers were able to exfiltrate sensitive data, such as emails, attachments, source code, and secrets.

Method of attack against Microsoft and HPE customers “phishing, malware or social engineering”

Midnight Blizzard also used this data to carry out subsequent attacks against Microsoft and HPE customers, using phishing, malware, or social engineering techniques.

Why were the attacks successful?

  • Hackers exploited security vulnerabilities such as the lack of multi-factor authentication, the persistence of legacy test accounts, or weak passwords.
  • The hackers acted in a discreet manner, using advanced and persistent techniques, such as encrypting communications, masking IP addresses, or imitating legitimate behavior.
  • The hackers were supported by the Russian government, which provided them with resources, information, and diplomatic protection.

Here’s a diagram that summarizes the steps to Microsoft 365 email compromise:

Microsoft 365 email compromise diagram

Diagram depicting the 'Midnight Blizzard' cyberattack against Microsoft and HPE using password spray tactics.

Stages of Microsoft’s Security Breach

Microsoft endured a multi-phase assault:

November 2023 saw the initial breach when attackers cracked an outdated test account via password spray attacks, cycling through many potential passwords.

By December, those intruders had penetrated select executive and security team email accounts, extracting sensitive emails and documents.

January 2024 brought Microsoft’s detection and countermeasures to thwart further unauthorized access. The company identified Midnight Blizzard, known by aliases such as APT29 and Cozy Bear, as the culprits.

Come March, it was disclosed that the invaders had also accessed Microsoft’s code repositories and internal systems, utilizing the stolen intel for subsequent assaults on Microsoft’s clientele, targeting to exploit vulnerabilities or clone functionalities.

The different consequences of this attack on Microsoft

Consequences for Microsoft and its customers

The attack had significant consequences for Microsoft and its customers. On the one hand, Microsoft had to tighten its security measures, notify affected customers, investigate the extent of the compromise, and restore trust in its services.

On the other hand, Microsoft’s customers faced the risk of being targeted by subsequent attacks using information stolen from Microsoft, such as secrets, source code, or sensitive data. Some customers may have suffered financial losses, reputational damage, or privacy breaches.

Geopolitical consequence

The attack also had geopolitical consequences, as it revealed the Russian government’s involvement in large-scale cyber espionage operations against Western interests. It has drawn condemnation from several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany, which have called for a coordinated and proportionate response to the threat. It also reinforced the need to strengthen international cooperation on cybersecurity and to define common standards to prevent conflicts in cyberspace.

Steps to attack HPE

Midnight Blizzard executed the attack on HPE, leveraging Microsoft 365 email for entry—the platform HPE adopted in 2017.

Initially, in May 2023, the hackers infiltrated SharePoint, extracting a select set of files. Post-breach, HPE, alongside cybersecurity experts, promptly engaged in containment and recovery efforts.

Come December, new breaches surfaced; targeted mailboxes related to cybersecurity and business operations were compromised. These intrusions were suspected to be connected to the earlier SharePoint incident.

Finally, in January 2024, HPE disclosed the breach to the SEC, affirming the implementation of measures to remove the threat, alert impacted clients, gauge the breach’s scope, and reinstate service integrity.

The different consequences of this attack on HPE

First, the attack had similar consequences to the attack on Microsoft, but on a smaller scale.

Restoring trust in its services to their customersOn the one hand, HPE had to strengthen its security measures, inform affected customers, and restore trust in its services. HPE’s customers faced the risk of being targeted by subsequent attacks using information stolen from HPE, such as sensitive data.

Justify the lack of economic impact as a result of this attack

On the other hand, HPE stated that the incident did not have a material impact on its operations, financial condition or results of operations.

The similarities and differences between the two attacks

Both attacks were carried out by the same hacking group, Midnight Blizzard, which is linked to the Russian government. Both attacks used the same means of access, Microsoft 365 email, which is a cloud-based email platform used by many organizations. Both attacks allowed hackers to exfiltrate sensitive data, such as emails, attachments, source code, or secrets. Both attacks had consequences for the victim companies, their customers, and geopolitics.

There were also differences between the two attacks. The attack on Microsoft was longer, deeper, and more widespread than the attack on HPE. The attack on Microsoft lasted several months, while the attack on HPE lasted a few weeks. The attack on Microsoft allowed the attackers to gain access to the company’s source code repositories and internal systems, while the attack on HPE was limited to email and SharePoint files. The attack on Microsoft affected thousands of customers, while the attack on HPE did not specify how many customers were affected.

What types of data does Midnight Blizzard exfiltrate?

What types of data does Midnight Blizzard exfiltrate?

Midnight Blizzard is the name given to a group of cybercriminals who have carried out cyber attacks against Microsoft, HPE, and their customers. This group is also known as Nobelium, Cozy Bear, or APT29. It managed to break into these companies’ cloud email systems and steal sensitive data. Microsoft said that Midnight Blizzard also accessed some of its source code and internal systems, but that it did not compromise Microsoft-hosted client systems.

“In recent weeks, we have seen Midnight Blizzard [Nobelium] use information initially exfiltrated from our corporate email systems to obtain, or attempt to obtain, unauthorized access,” Microsoft said in a blog post. “This includes access to some of the company’s source code repositories and internal systems. To date, we have found no evidence that Microsoft-hosted client systems have been compromised.”

Midnight Blizzard Exfiltrated Data Category

The data exfiltrated by Midnight Blizzard can be grouped into three main categories:

Communication data

Communication data is data that relates to interactions between Microsoft and HPE employees, partners, or customers. They include emails, attachments, contacts, calendars, notes, or instant messages. This data may contain confidential, strategic or personal information, such as trade secrets, project plans, contracts, reports, opinions, identifiers. This data was exfiltrated at Microsoft and HPE.

Source code data

Source code data is data that relates to the development of Microsoft’s products or services. They include files, repositories, versions, comments, or tests related to the source code. This data may reveal technical, functional, or security information, such as algorithms, architectures, features, vulnerabilities, patches, or backdoors. This data was exfiltrated only at Microsoft.

Internal system data

Communication and internal system data is data that relates to the exchange and operation of Microsoft and HPE’s internal systems. This includes emails, attachments, contacts, calendars, notes, instant messages, files, configurations, logs, audits, or scans of internal systems. This data may contain confidential, strategic or personal information, such as trade secrets, project plans, contracts, reports, opinions, identifiers. This data can also provide information about the performance, security, or reliability of internal systems. This data was exfiltrated at Microsoft and HPE.

What are the estimated values of the data exfiltrated by Midnight Blizzard?

It is difficult to estimate the exact value of the data exfiltrated by Midnight Blizzard, as it depends on several factors, such as the quantity, quality, freshness, rarity, or usefulness of the data. However, an approximate range can be attempted based on official sources or existing studies.

HPE’s SEC filing indicates that the security incident’s repercussions on their operational, financial, or business performance were minimal. This suggests the exfiltrated data’s worth is on the lower end, possibly just a few thousand dollars. On the other hand, Microsoft’s annual report documents a staggering $168.1 billion in revenue for 2023, with $60.7 billion attributed to their cloud division. Such figures lead to the conclusion that the stolen data from Microsoft could be highly valuable, potentially in the millions. Further, the Ponemon Institute’s study reports the average data breach cost in 2023 at $4.24 million, the highest to date, encompassing various associated costs. These costs include activities like detection and response, as well as indirect losses like diminished productivity and tarnished reputation. Therefore, it stands to reason that the value of data taken from Microsoft and HPE’s customers is similarly high, potentially reaching tens of millions of dollars.

What are the potential consequences of the data exfiltrated by Midnight Blizzard?

The data exfiltrated by Midnight Blizzard can have serious potential consequences for the victim companies, their customers, and geopolitics. Here are a few examples:

  • Communication data can be used to carry out phishing, malware, or social engineering attacks, impersonating trusted individuals, exploiting security vulnerabilities, or manipulating emotions. These attacks can aim to steal other data, take control of systems, destroy or alter data, or extort ransoms.
  • Source code data can be used to discover and exploit vulnerabilities, to copy or modify functionality, to create competing products or services, or to infringe intellectual property. These actions may adversely affect the security, quality, innovation, or competitiveness of Microsoft or HPE products or services.
  • Internal system data may be used to understand and disrupt Microsoft or HPE’s operations, organization, or performance, to reveal sensitive or confidential information, to create false information or rumors, or to influence decisions or behaviors. These actions may damage the reputation, trust, satisfaction, or loyalty of Microsoft or HPE customers, partners, or employees.

How could PassCypher HSM have prevented the cyberattack on Microsoft and HPE?

The cyberattack on Microsoft and HPE used weak or reused passwords to access email accounts. PassCypher NFC HSM or PassCypher HSM PGP is a hardware-based password manager, which allows you to create and use strong, unique, and random passwords, without knowing, remembering, displaying, or entering them manually. It uses Freemindtronic’s EviCore HSM PGP or EviCore NFC HSM technology to communicate contactlessly with compatible devices, and has a complicated and complex random password generator with self-entropy control based on shannon mathematical calculation.

With PassCypher NFC HSM or PassCypher HSM PGP solutions, users can effectively protect themselves against password spray attacks quickly, easily, and even free of charge. This is because PassCypher HSM PGP is originally completely free. He presented for the first time in Marseille on 6-7 March 2024 at AccessSecurity at the PhosPhorus Technology stand, partner of Fullsecure Andorra.

How could DataShielder have protected email messages and email attachments from being exfiltrated by hackers?

As you read more in this article, the cyberattack against Microsoft and HPE exfiltrated communication data, such as emails, attachments, contacts, notes, or instant messages. DataShielder NFC HSM or DataShielder HSM PGP are solutions for encrypting post-quantum data via NFC HSM or HSM PGP. Users encrypt and decrypt their communication data, only from their HSMs via physically outsourced segmented keys from the IT or phone systems. It works without a server or database and without any dependency on the security of communication systems. Of course, without the need to connect to an online service, or entrust your encryption keys to a third party. They have a random AES-256 encryption key generator. In particular, it embeds Freemindtronic’s EviCypher technology, which also encrypts webmail such as Outlook. With DataShielder solutions, users can protect themselves from data exfiltration by hackers and ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of their communications.

Recommendations to protect yourself from cyber threats

The cyberattacks against Microsoft and HPE show that cyber threats are real, growing, and sophisticated. They also show that businesses of all sizes, industries, and locations need to take cybersecurity seriously and adopt best practices to protect themselves effectively. Here are some recommendations:

  • Enable multi-factor authentication, which involves requiring two or more credentials to log in to an account, such as a password and a code sent via SMS or email. This helps reduce the risk of being compromised by a password spray attack.
  • Review account permissions, which determine access rights to company resources and data. This helps limit the risk of an attack spreading from a compromised account.
  • Monitor suspicious activity, which may indicate an attempted or successful attack, such as unusual logins, file changes, data transfers, or security alerts. This makes it possible to detect and stop an attack as early as possible.
  • Use security solutions that provide protection, detection, and response to cyber threats, such as antivirus, firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, or monitoring and analytics services. This makes it possible to strengthen the security of the information system and to benefit from the expertise of cybersecurity professionals.
  • Educate users, who are often the weakest link in the security chain, and who can fall victim to phishing, malware, or social engineering. This includes training them in good cybersecurity practices, informing them of the risks and instructions to follow in the event of an incident, and encouraging them to adopt responsible and vigilant behavior.

In conclusion

In conclusion, Midnight Blizzard’s cyberattacks expose critical vulnerabilities in global tech infrastructure. Through these incidents, we learn the importance of robust security measures like PassCypher and DataShielder. Moving forward, adopting advanced defenses and staying informed are key to combating future threats. Let’s embrace these lessons and protect our digital world.

Sources:

2024, Cyberculture, Legal information

Encrypted messaging: ECHR says no to states that want to spy on them

Posted on by FMTAD
ECHR landmark ruling in favor of encrypted messaging, featuring EviCypher NFC HSM technology by Freemindtronic.
21
Feb

Protecting encrypted messaging: the ECHR decision

Encrypted messaging is vital for digital privacy and free speech, but complex to protect. The historic ECHR decision of February 13, 2024 supports strong encryption against government surveillance. We discuss the importance of this decision. You will discover EviCypher NFC HSM encryption technology from Freemindtronic, guardian of this decision but for all messaging services in the world.

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Stay informed in our posts dedicated to Cyberculture to follow its evolution thanks to our regularly updated topics

Learn more through this Cyberculture section on your data encryption rights to protect your personal and professional data written by Jacques Gascuel, creator of data security solutions. Stay informed and secure with our regular news.

Encrypted messaging: ECHR says no to states that want to spy on them

The historic judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) elevates encrypted messaging to the rank of guardian of privacy and freedom of expression. But this also poses security and public order problems. On February 13, 2024, she spoke out in favor of strong encryption, against state interference.

The ECHR has rejected Russian authorities’ request to Telegram, a messaging application, to provide private keys for encrypting its users’ communications, or to install backdoors that would allow authorities to access them. The Court considered that this request violated the rights to privacy and correspondence, as well as freedom of expression, of Telegram users.

The context of the case

The case background Six journalists and human rights activists challenged the request of the Russian authorities to Telegram before the ECHR. They claimed that this request violated their fundamental rights. They relied on Articles 8 and 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. These articles protect the right to privacy and correspondence, and the right to freedom of expression.

The reasoning of the Court

The Court’s reasoning The Court acknowledged that the request of the Russian authorities had a legitimate aim of national security and crime prevention. However, it found that the interference with the rights of the applicants was not proportionate to the aim pursued. It emphasised that encryption plays a vital role in ensuring the confidentiality of communications and the protection of personal data. It held that the request of the Russian authorities was too general and vague. It did not offer enough safeguards against abuse. It could deter people from using encrypted messaging services.

The Court also noted that encryption helps citizens and businesses to defend themselves against the misuse of information technologies, such as hacking, identity theft, data breach, fraud and undue disclosure of confidential information. It stated that this should be duly taken into account when assessing the measures that could weaken encryption.

The Court further observed that, in order to be useful to the authorities, the information must be decrypted at some point. It suggested that the authorities should use other means to obtain the necessary information, such as undercover operations, metadata analysis and international cooperation.

The consequences of the decision

The decision’s implications The decision of the Court is final and binding for Russia. It has to implement it within a reasonable time. It also has a broader impact. It sets out principles applicable to all member states of the Council of Europe, which comprises 47 countries. It sends a strong signal in favour of the respect of fundamental rights on the internet. It aligns with the position of several international organisations, such as the UN, the EU or the OSCE. They have stressed the importance of encryption for the protection of human rights online.

The official link of the ECHR decision is: AFFAIRE PODCHASOV c. RUSSIE and AFFAIRE PODCHASOV c. RUSSIE and AFFAIRE PODCHASOV c. RUSSIE. You can access it by clicking on the title or copying the address in your browser.

The position of other countries in the world

Encryption of communications is not a consensual topic. Countries have different, even opposite, positions on the issue. Here are some examples:

  • The Netherlands have argued for the right to strong encryption. They considered it a human right that must be safeguarded, in the country’s own interest.
  • The United States have repeatedly asked technology companies to provide them with access to encrypted data. They invoked the need to fight terrorism. These requests have been challenged by companies, such as Apple. They refused to create backdoors in their encryption systems.
  • China adopted a cybersecurity law in 2016. It requires companies to cooperate with authorities to provide encryption keys or means to bypass encryption. This law has been denounced by human rights defenders. They fear that it will be used to strengthen the surveillance and censorship of the Chinese regime.
  • The European Union adopted a directive on the protection of personal data in 2016. It recognizes encryption as a technical measure suitable for ensuring the security of data. The EU also supported the development of end-to-end encryption. It funded projects such as the free software Signal, which allows to encrypt calls and messages.

These examples show the divergences and convergences between different countries on the subject of encryption. They also reveal the political, economic and social issues that are at stake.

The world’s reactions to the ECHR decision on Encrypted Messaging

The ECHR decision on Encrypted Messaging has sparked different reactions in the world. Some countries praised the judgment, which boosts the protection of human rights on the internet. Other countries slammed the position of the Court, which undermines, according to them, the judicial cooperation and the national security.

The supporters of the ECHR decision

The Netherlands are among the countries that supported the ECHR decision. They argued for the right to strong encryption, considering it a human right that must be safeguarded, in the country’s own interest. The European Union also backed the Court, reminding that encryption is a technical measure suitable to ensure the security of data, in accordance with the directive on the protection of personal data adopted in 2016. The EU also stressed that it funds the development of end-to-end encryption, through projects such as the free software Signal, which allows to encrypt calls and messages.

The opponents of the ECHR decision

The United States are among the countries that opposed the ECHR decision. They have repeatedly asked technology companies to provide them with access to encrypted data, invoking the need to fight terrorism. These requests have been challenged by companies, such as Apple, which have refused to create backdoors in their encryption systems. China also expressed its disagreement with the Court, stating that encryption of communications fosters the dissemination of illegal or dangerous content, such as terrorist propaganda, child pornography or hate speech. China recalled that it has adopted in 2016 a cybersecurity law, which requires companies to cooperate with authorities to provide encryption keys or means to bypass encryption.

The non-signatories of the European

Convention on Human Rights Some countries have not reacted to the ECHR decision, because they are not signatories of the European Convention on Human Rights. This is the case for example of Russia, which ceased to be a member of the Council of Europe on March 16, 2022, after the invasion of Ukraine decided by the Kremlin. The country no longer participates in the activities of the ECHR. This is also the case of many countries in Africa, Asia or Latin America, which are not part of the Council of Europe and which have not ratified the Convention.

The signatory countries of the European Convention on Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights is an international treaty adopted by the Council of Europe in 1950, which aims to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in the states parties. It entered into force in 1953, after being ratified by ten countries: Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom .

Since then, the Convention has been ratified by 36 other countries, bringing the total number of states parties to 46. They are: Albania, Germany, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Czech Republic, Turkey and Ukraine.

All these countries recognize the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which is in charge of ensuring the respect of the Convention. The ECHR can be seized by any person, group of persons or non-governmental organization who claims to be a victim of a violation of the Convention by one of the states parties. The ECHR can also be seized by a state party who alleges that another state party has violated the Convention. The ECHR delivers judgments that are final and binding for the states parties.

An innovative and sovereign alternative: the EviCypher NFC HSM technology

Facing the challenges of encryption of communications, some users may look for an alternative more innovative and sovereign than the traditional messaging applications. This is the case of the EviCypher NFC HSM technology, developed by the Andorran company Freemindtronic. This technology makes it possible to generate, store, manage and use AES-256 encryption keys to encrypt all communication systems, such as WhatsApp, sms, mms, rcs, Telegram, webmail, email client, private messaging like Linkedin, Skype, X and even via postal mail with encrypted QR code messages, etc.

EviCypher NFC HSM: A Secure and Innovative Solution for Encrypted Messaging

Firstly, it guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of data, even if the messaging services are compromised for any reason, including by a court order. Indeed, it is physically impossible for Freemindtronic, the manufacturer of the DataShielder products, to provide encryption keys generated randomly by the user. These keys are stored encrypted in AES-256 via segmented keys in the HSM and NFC HSM. Only the user holds the decryption keys, which he can erase at any time.

Secondly, it preserves the anonymity and sovereignty of users, because it works without server and without database. It does not require internet connection, nor user account, nor phone number, nor email address. It leaves no trace of its use, nor of its user. It does not depend on the policies or regulations of the countries or companies that provide the communication services.

Thirdly, it offers an extreme portability and availability of encryption keys, thanks to the NFC technology. The user can carry his encryption keys on a physical support, such as a card, a bracelet, a key ring, etc. He can use them with any device compatible with NFC, such as a smartphone, a tablet, a computer, etc. He can also share them with other trusted users, in a simple and secure way.

Lastly, it is compatible with the EviCore NFC HSM or EviCore HSM technology, which allows to secure the access to equipment and applications. The user can thus use the same physical support to encrypt his communications and to authenticate on his different digital services.

The EviCypher NFC HSM technology guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of data, even if the messaging services are compromised for any reason, including by a court order. Indeed, it is physically impossible for Freemindtronic, the manufacturer of the DataShielder products, to provide encryption keys generated randomly by the user. These keys are stored encrypted in AES-256 via segmented keys in the HSM and NFC HSM. Only the user holds the decryption keys, which he can erase at any time.

Transforming Encrypted Messaging with EviCypher NFC HSM

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decisively highlights encrypted messaging’s vital role in protecting privacy and freedom of speech. EviCypher NFC HSM, aligning perfectly with these principles, emerges as a pioneering solution. It confronts the challenges of state surveillance and privacy breaches head-on, providing unmatched defense for private communications. EviCypher NFC HSM goes beyond the ECHR’s conventional security and privacy requirements. It crafts an inviolable communication platform that honors users’ privacy rights profoundly. With its innovative approach, EviCypher NFC HSM introduces new data protection standards, forging a robust barrier against government intrusion.

Global Reach and User Empowerment

EviCypher NFC HSM’s technology has a broad global impact, seamlessly addressing the varied encryption landscapes worldwide. It provides a consistent answer to privacy and security issues, disregarding geographic limits. This global applicability makes EviCypher NFC HSM an indispensable tool for users worldwide, solidifying its position as a guardian of global privacy.

Despite potential skepticism about new technologies, the user-friendly and accessible nature of EviCypher NFC HSM aims to dispel such doubts. It promotes wider adoption among those seeking to enhance their communication security. Its compatibility with diverse devices and straightforward operation simplify encryption, facilitating an effortless shift towards secure communication practices.

EviCypher NFC HSM: A Beacon of User Autonomy

EviCypher NFC HSM technology deeply commits to empowering users. It allows individuals to generate, store, and manage their encryption keys independently, giving them direct control. This autonomy not only improves data security but also demonstrates a strong commitment to protecting users’ fundamental rights. It resonates with the values emphasized across the discussion, providing an effective way to strengthen online privacy and security. EviCypher NFC HSM marks a significant leap forward in the movement towards a more secure and private digital landscape.

This technologie HSM stands out as a state-of-the-art, self-sufficient solution, perfectly in line with the ECHR’s decisions and the worldwide need for secure encrypted communication. It leads the charge in advancing user autonomy and security, signaling a crucial evolution in encrypted messaging towards unparalleled integrity.

Incorporating EviCypher’s distinctive features—its operation without servers or databases, interoperability, and backward compatibility with all current communication systems, such as email, SMS, MMS, RCS, and social media messaging, even extending to physical mail via encrypted QR codes—highlights its adaptability and innovative spirit. EviCypher’s resistance to zero-day vulnerabilities, due to encrypting communications upfront, further underscores its exceptional security. Operating anonymously and offline, it provides instant usability without requiring user identification or account creation, ensuring seamless compatibility across phone, computer, and communication systems.

Summary at encrypted messaging

Encrypted Messaging is crucial for the digital society. It protects internet users’ privacy and freedom of expression. But it also challenges security and public order. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) supported strong encryption on February 13, 2024. It defended the right to encryption, against states that want to access it. Several international organizations agree with this position. They emphasize the importance of encryption for human rights online. However, the ECHR decision sparked diverse reactions worldwide. Different countries have different views on encryption.

Our conclusion on Encrypted Messaging

EviCypher NFC HSM technology is an innovative and sovereign alternative for Encrypted Messaging. Users can generate, store, manage and use AES-256 encryption keys. They can encrypt all communication systems, such as WhatsApp, sms, mms, rcs, Telegram, webmail, email client, etc. EviCypher NFC HSM technology ensures data confidentiality and integrity. It works even if messaging services are compromised. It preserves users’ anonymity and sovereignty. It does not need server or database. It offers extreme portability and availability of encryption keys, thanks to NFC technology. It is compatible with EviCore NFC HSM or EviCore HSM technology. They secure access to equipment and applications.

DataShielder products provide EviCypher NFC HSM technology. They are contactless encryption devices, guardians of keys and secrets. Freemindtronic, an Andorran company specialized in NFC security, designs and manufactures them.