2023, Articles, Cyberculture, EviCore HSM OpenPGP Technology, EviCore NFC HSM Browser Extension, EviCore NFC HSM Technology, Legal information, Licences Freemindtronic

Unitary patent system: why some EU countries are not on board

Posted on August 1, 2023March 15, 2024 by FMTAD

01
Aug

Unitary patent system by Jacques Gascuel: This article will be updated with any new information on the topic.

Why some EU countries don’t want the unitary patent

The unitary patent system promises to simplify and unify patent protection in Europe. But not all EU countries are on board. Discover why some countries like Spain have opted out and what it means for inventors.

A modern cybersecurity control center with a diverse team monitoring national cyber threats during the Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation.

2024 Cyberculture Digital Security News Training

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

April 15, 2024

2024 Crypto Currency Cryptocurrency Cyberculture Legal information

EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comprehensive Overview

March 15, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Uncategorized

Chinese cyber espionage: a data leak reveals the secrets of their hackers

March 2, 2024

2024 Cyberculture

Cyber Resilience Act: a European regulation to strengthen the cybersecurity of digital products

February 24, 2024

ECHR landmark ruling in favor of encrypted messaging, featuring EviCypher NFC HSM technology by Freemindtronic.

2024 Cyberculture Legal information

Encrypted messaging: ECHR says no to states that want to spy on them

February 21, 2024

Digital image showing a confused user at a computer surrounded by complex password symbols

2024 Articles Cyberculture EviPass Password

Human Limitations in Strong Passwords Creation

January 22, 2024

2023 Articles Cyberculture EviCypher NFC HSM News Technologies

Telegram and the Information War in Ukraine

January 5, 2024

2023 Articles CyberStealth legal Legal information News Spying

The American Intelligence: How It Works

December 26, 2023

Why some EU countries are not on board

What is the unitary patent?

The unitary patent is a new scheme that allows inventors and innovative companies to protect their inventions in 17 EU member states by filing a single request to the European Patent Office (EPO) ¹. It is an alternative option to the classical European patent, which requires individual validation and maintenance in each country where the patent holder wants to benefit from protection ¹. The unitary patent entered into force on 1 June 2023, after the ratification of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPC Agreement) by 17 states participating in enhanced cooperation ². It is expected that more EU states will join this scheme in the future ¹.

The unitary patent is based on the European patent granted by the EPO under the rules of the European Patent Convention (EPC), so nothing changes in the pre-grant phase and the same high standards of quality search and examination apply. After a European patent is granted, the patent holder can request unitary effect, thereby obtaining a European patent with unitary effect (unitary patent) that provides uniform protection in initially 17 EU member states.

What is the current status of the unitary patent?

The unitary patent system is a new scheme that allows inventors and innovative companies to protect their inventions in 17 EU member states by filing a single request to the European Patent Office (EPO) . It is an alternative option to the classical European patent, which requires individual validation and maintenance in each country where the patent holder wants to benefit from protection . The unitary patent is expected to start in early 2023, after the ratification of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPC Agreement) by 17 states participating in enhanced cooperation . It is expected that more EU states will join this scheme in the future.

The UPC Agreement

The UPC Agreement is an international treaty that establishes the Unified Patent Court (UPC), a supranational specialised court that will have exclusive jurisdiction to settle disputes relating to unitary patents and European patents . The UPC Agreement was signed by 25 EU member states in 2013, but it requires the ratification by at least 13 states, including France, Germany and Italy, to enter into force.

As of June 2021, 16 states have ratified the UPC Agreement, including France and Italy . Germany has also ratified the UPC Agreement in December 2020, but its ratification is pending before the German Constitutional Court, which has received two constitutional complaints against it . The German government has expressed its intention to deposit its instrument of ratification as soon as possible after the resolution of these complaints . The UK, which was initially one of the mandatory ratifying states, has withdrawn from the unitary patent system after leaving the EU in 2020.

The main obstacle and challenges

The main remaining obstacle for the implementation of the unitary patent system is therefore the outcome of the German constitutional complaints. If they are dismissed or overcome, Germany could deposit its instrument of ratification and trigger the entry into force of the UPC Agreement within three months . However, if they are upheld or delayed, Germany could be prevented from joining the unitary patent or cause further uncertainties and complications for its launch.

Other challenges for the implementation of the unitary patentinclude the practical and logistical arrangements for the operation of the Unified Patent Court, such as the recruitment and training of judges, the establishment of IT systems and facilities, and the adoption of procedural rules and guidelines . Moreover, some legal and political issues may arise from the withdrawal of the UK from the unitary patent, such as the impact on the linguistic regime of the unitary patent, the distribution of the workload and the cases among the different divisions of the Unified Patent Court, and the compatibility of the UPC Agreement with EU law.

What are the advantages?

The unitary patent system offers several advantages for inventors and innovative companies who want to protect their innovations in the EU. Among these advantages, we can mention:

The simplification of the procedure: the patent holder no longer needs to carry out complex and costly procedures with national offices to validate their European patent in each country ¹.
They only need to request unitary effect from the EPO, which is their single interlocutor ² .
The reduction of costs: the patent holder no longer has to pay validation fees, translation fees, representation fees or annual national fees to keep their patent in force in the countries covered by the unitary patent ¹.
They only pay a single annual fee to the EPO, which is calculated according to a progressive scale ³.
The legal certainty: the patent holder benefits from a uniform protection in all countries where the unitary patent takes effect, without risk of fragmentation or divergence between national rights ¹.
They can also enforce their rights before a supranational specialised court, the Unified Patent Court (UPC), which has exclusive jurisdiction to settle disputes relating to infringement and validity of unitary patents.

How does the unitary patent compare with other patent systems?

The unitary patent system is not the only option for obtaining patent protection in multiple countries. There are other regional or international patent systems that offer different advantages and disadvantages for inventors and innovative companies. Here are some examples:

The European Patent Convention (EPC)

The EPC is an international treaty that allows applicants to file a single application at the European Patent Office (EPO) and obtain a European patent that can be validated in up to 38 contracting states . The EPC is not affected by the unitary patent system and will continue to operate in parallel with it. The EPC offers more flexibility than the unitary patent, as applicants can choose which countries they want to validate their European patent in. However, it also involves more costs and formalities than the unitary patent, as applicants have to pay validation fees, translation fees and annual national fees in each country where they want to maintain their European patent.

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

The PCT is an international treaty that allows applicants to file a single international application at a national or regional office and obtain an international search report and a preliminary examination report on their invention . The PCT does not grant patents directly, but facilitates the entry into national or regional phases in up to 153 contracting states . The PCT offers more time than the unitary patent system, as applicants can delay their decision on which countries they want to pursue their patent protection in for up to 30 or 31 months from the priority date . However, it also involves more complexity than the unitary patent, as applicants have to comply with different requirements and procedures in each country where they enter the national or regional phase.

The Eurasian Patent Convention (EAPC)

The EAPC is an international treaty that allows applicants to file a single application at the Eurasian Patent Office (EAPO) and obtain a Eurasian patent that can be validated in up to 8 contracting states . The EAPC is not related to the unitary patent system and operates independently from it. The EAPC offers more simplicity than the unitary patent, as applicants do not have to pay any validation fees or translation fees in the countries where they want to validate their Eurasian patent . However, it also involves more risk than the unitary paten system, as applicants cannot opt out of the jurisdiction of the Eurasian Court of Patent Disputes, which can invalidate their Eurasian patent in all contracting states.

How Freemindtronic’s international patents are related to the unitary patent

Freemindtronic is an Andorran company that creates innovative solutions for security, cyber-security and counter-espionage, using contactless technology (NFC). We have several inventions that are protected by international patents in the fields of embedded systems, access control and segmented key authentication. For example, our patented technologies EviCore NFC HSM, which manage encryption keys in an NFC HSM device, EviCore HSM OpenPGP, which manage encryption keys in a security element of phones, EviVault NFC HSM Cold Wallet operating without contact, EviKey NFC a contactless secured USB key and the technology EviCypher NFC HSM which encrypts all types of data. These technologies implement our patents and especially the one based on the segmented key authentication system. The latter received the gold medal of international inventions of Geneva 2021.

Our patent options

Our patents are based on the European patent granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) under the rules of the European Patent Convention (EPC). Therefore, we could benefit from the unitary patent system, which is a new scheme that allows inventors and innovative companies to protect their inventions in 17 EU member states by filing a single request to the EPO. However, we would also have to consider the disadvantages and risks of the unitary patent, such as the risk of total invalidation, the lack of flexibility and the exclusion of some countries. Moreover, we would have to deal with the legal issues of the unitary patent for non-participating countries, such as cross-border infringement cases and jurisdictional conflicts.

Our patent strategy

We have opted for the unitary patent only for our segmented key authentication system, and we have added some non-participating countries to our other European patents. The reasons behind this choice are related to our market strategy, our innovation potential and our risk assessment. For instance, we have decided to use the unitary patent for our segmented key authentication system because we consider it as our core invention and we want to protect it in a uniform and effective way in most EU countries. On the other hand, we have decided to add some non-participating countries to our other European patents because we want to preserve our flexibility and avoid possible invalidation challenges in those countries.

Conclusion

Our international patents are relevant examples of how the unitary patent system can affect inventors and innovative companies in Europe, both positively and negatively. They illustrate the opportunities and challenges that the unitary patent poses for innovation and competitiveness in the EU.

How can legal issues of the unitary patent for non-participating countries be resolved?

The legal issues of the unitary patent system for non-participating countries are complex and not yet fully resolved. One of the main questions is how to deal with cross-border infringement cases involving unitary patents and national patents. For instance, if an inventor from a non-participating country, such as Spain, wants to enforce his rights on his classic European patent in a participating country, such as France, where a unitary patent holder claims to infringe his patent, which law should he consider? Well, the question is not easy to answer, because he will have to take into account many international standards. In the end, this very important aspect will be “subjected” to a very complex situation that will necessarily be defined with the successive application of the law.

Another question is how to ensure a fair balance between the rights and obligations of unitary patent holders and national patent holders in non-participating countries. For example, if a unitary patent holder wants to enforce their rights in a non-participating country, such as Poland, where a national patent holder is allegedly infringing their patent, which court should they go to? Well, the answer is not clear, as it will depend on the interpretation and application of various international agreements. In principle, the unitary patent holder should go to the national court of Poland, but they may face some difficulties or disadvantages in comparison with the national patent holder, such as higher costs, longer procedures or different standards of proof.

One possible way to resolve these legal issues is to harmonise the rules and practices of the unitary patent and the national patent systems in Europe. This could be achieved by adopting common standards and guidelines for patent examination, grant, validity and enforcement, as well as by establishing mechanisms for cooperation and coordination between the UPC and the national courts. Another possible way is to extend the scope and coverage of the unitary patent and the UPC to all EU member states and other EPC contracting states. This could be achieved by encouraging and facilitating their participation in the enhanced cooperation and ratification of the UPC Agreement.

However, these solutions may face some practical and political challenges, such as the lack of consensus or willingness among the different stakeholders, the respect for national sovereignty and diversity, or the compatibility with EU law and international obligations. Therefore, it is important that the unitary patent and its legal implications are carefully monitored and evaluated, and that its benefits and drawbacks are balanced and communicated to all parties involved.

What are the disadvantages?

The unitary patent system is not without disadvantages for some actors in the patent market. Among these disadvantages, we can mention:

The risk of total invalidation: the patent holder faces the possibility that their patent will be cancelled in all countries where it takes effect, if the UPC finds that it does not meet the requirements of patentability. They do not have the possibility to limit or amend their patent to avoid this fatal outcome.
The lack of flexibility: the patent holder cannot choose the countries where they want to protect their invention, nor renounce their patent in some countries to avoid paying fees or to circumvent legal obstacles. They must accept or refuse unitary effect as a whole.
The exclusion of some countries: the patent holder cannot benefit from protection in all EU member states, since some countries have decided not to participate in the unitary patent or have not yet ratified the UPC Agreement ¹.
This is notably the case of Spain, which is one of the few EU countries that does not intend to be part of the unitary patent

What are the best practices or strategies for using or avoiding the unitary patent?

The unitary patent system offers a new opportunity for inventors and innovative companies who want to protect their inventions in Europe. However, it also poses some challenges and risks that need to be carefully considered. Depending on their needs and goals, they may decide to use or avoid the unitary patent, or to combine it with other patent systems. Here are some factors to consider when making this decision:

The scope of protection

The unitary patent system provides a uniform protection in 17 EU member states, which may cover a large part of the European market. However, it does not cover all EU member states, nor non-EU countries that are part of the EPC or the PCT. Therefore, inventors and innovative companies should assess whether the unitary patent covers their target markets, or whether they need to seek additional protection in other countries.

The cost of protection

The unitary patent reduces the cost of protection in Europe, as it eliminates the need to pay validation fees, translation fees and annual national fees in each country where the unitary patent takes effect. However, it also introduces a single annual fee for the unitary patent, which is calculated according to a progressive scale . Therefore, inventors and innovative companies should compare the cost of the unitary patent with the cost of other patent systems, and consider whether they need protection in all countries covered by the unitary patent, or whether they can save money by choosing a smaller number of countries.

The risk of invalidation

The unitary patent increases the risk of invalidation in Europe, as it exposes the unitary patent to a single challenge before the UPC, which can invalidate it in all countries where it takes effect. Moreover, the UPC is a new court that may have some uncertainties and inconsistencies in its interpretation and application of the law. Therefore, inventors and innovative companies should evaluate the strength and validity of their inventions, and consider whether they want to avoid this risk by opting out of the UPC for their European patents, or by using other patent systems that allow them to limit or amend their patents in case of invalidation challenges.

The enforcement of rights

The unitary patent facilitates the enforcement of rights in Europe, as it allows the holders of unitary patents to sue infringers before the UPC, which can grant pan-European injunctions and damages. However, it also exposes them to counterclaims for invalidity before the UPC, which can invalidate their unitary patents in all countries where they take effect. Therefore, inventors and innovative companies should assess the likelihood and impact of infringement and invalidity actions, and consider whether they want to benefit from this facilitation by opting in to the UPC for their European patents, or whether they want to retain more control over their litigation strategy by using national courts or other patent systems.

Why do some EU countries not want to join the unitary patent

The reasons for some EU countries’ exclusion from the unitary patent are diverse. Spain, for example, considers that the linguistic regime of the unitary patent, which relies on the three official languages of the EPO (English, French and German), is discriminatory and harms its economic and cultural interests. It believes that Spanish, which is the second most spoken native language in the world, should be recognised as an official language of the unitary patent, or at least, that the holders of unitary patents should be required to provide a full translation in Spanish of their patents. It also fears that the unitary patent will strengthen the dominant position of the English-speaking and German-speaking countries in the field of innovation and will reduce the development opportunities of Spanish companies.

Croatia, on the other hand, has not joined enhanced cooperation for setting up the unitary patent, because it joined the EU after the launch of this initiative. However, it has expressed its interest in joining the unitary patent in the future.

Poland and the Czech Republic have participated in enhanced cooperation, but have not signed or ratified the UPC Agreement, which is a prerequisite for being part of the unitary patent ² . These countries have invoked economic and legal reasons to justify their withdrawal. Poland has estimated that the unitary patent would have a negative impact on its national budget and on its competitiveness. The Czech Republic has expressed doubts about the compatibility of the unitary patent with EU law and about the quality of automatic translations .

Slovakia has also participated in enhanced cooperation, but has opposed the regulation on the unitary patent and has challenged it before the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). It has argued that the regulation was contrary to the principle of equal treatment between the member states and the official languages of the EU. It has also questioned the legal basis of the regulation and its respect for national competences in the field of industrial property. The CJEU rejected its request in 2015.

Hungary has ratified the UPC Agreement in 2018, but has denounced it in 2020, following a decision of its Constitutional Court that declared that the Agreement was incompatible with its Constitution. The Court considered that the Agreement infringed on Hungary’s sovereignty in the matter of intellectual property and that it violated the principle of separation of powers by entrusting the settlement of disputes relating to patents to a supranational court not integrated into the Hungarian judicial system.

Here is a table that summarizes that gives the list of European countries that accept the unitary patent and the European countries that have excluded themselves from the unitary patent:

Country	Status	Reason
Germany	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Austria	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Belgium	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Bulgaria	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Cyprus	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Croatia	Excluded	Has not joined enhanced cooperation
Denmark	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Spain	Excluded	Has opposed enhanced cooperation and has challenged the linguistic regime of the unitary patent
Estonia	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Finland	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
France	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Greece	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Hungary	Excluded	Has ratified the UPC Agreement but has denounced it following a decision of its Constitutional Court
Ireland	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation but has not yet ratified the UPC Agreement
Italy	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Latvia	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Lithuania	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Luxembourg	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Malta	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Netherlands	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Poland	Excluded	Participates in enhanced cooperation but has not signed or ratified the UPC Agreement
Portugal	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Czech Republic	Excluded	Participates in enhanced cooperation but has not signed or ratified the UPC Agreement
Romania	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation but has not yet ratified the UPC Agreement
Slovakia	Excluded	Has opposed enhanced cooperation and has challenged the regulation on the unitary patent
Slovenia	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement
Sweden	Accepts	Participates in enhanced cooperation and has ratified the UPC Agreement

What are the consequences of these countries’ exclusion from the unitary patent?

The exclusion of these countries from the unitary patent has consequences for both the holders of unitary patents and the national patent holders in these countries. For the holders of unitary patents, this means that they cannot protect their inventions in these countries through the unitary patent, but they have to resort to the classical European patent or the national patent . They therefore have to bear the costs and formalities related to the validation and maintenance of their patent in these countries, as well as the risks of a fragmented protection and legal uncertainty . For the national patent holders in these countries, this means that they cannot benefit from the advantages of the unitary patent, but they have to face the increased competition of the holders of unitary patents in the other EU countries . They also have to adapt to the rules and procedures of the UPC, which can be seized by the holders of unitary patents to assert their rights against them or to challenge the validity of their classical European patents .

What are the legal issues of the unitary patent for non-participating countries?

The legal issues of the unitary patent system for non-participating countries are complex and not yet fully resolved. One of the main questions is how to deal with cross-border infringement cases involving unitary patents and national patents. For example, if an inventor from a non-participating country, such as Spain, wants to exercise their rights on their classical European patent in a participating country, such as France, where a unitary patent holder is allegedly infringing their patent, which law should they take into account? Well, the question is not easy to answer, as it will have to take into account many international norms. In the end, this very important aspect will be “subjected” to a very complex situation that will necessarily be defined with the successive application of the law.

Another question is how to ensure a fair balance between the interests of the holders of unitary patents and those of national patent holders in non-participating countries. For instance, if a national patent holder in Spain wants to challenge the validity of a unitary patent that covers an invention similar to theirs, how can they do so without having to go before the UPC, which may not be accessible or convenient for them? Conversely, if a unitary patent holder wants to enforce their rights against a national patent holder in Spain who is allegedly infringing their patent, how can they do so without having to go before a national court that may not be familiar or favourable with the unitary patent? These questions raise issues of jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments, as well as substantive law harmonisation.

These legal issues are likely to generate uncertainty and litigation for both unitary patent holders and national patent holders in non-participating countries. They may also create barriers and distortions in the internal market and affect innovation and competitiveness. Therefore, it is desirable that these issues are addressed and clarified as soon as possible, either by legislative or judicial means.

Conclusion

The unitary patent is a new scheme that offers a simplified, economical and uniform protection in 17 EU member states. It is accompanied by a Unified Patent Court, which has exclusive jurisdiction to settle disputes relating to unitary patents. The unitary patent has advantages and disadvantages for inventors and innovative companies, depending on their strategy and market. Spain is one of the few EU countries that does not intend to join the unitary patent, mainly for linguistic reasons. Its exclusion has consequences for both unitary patent holders and Spanish actors in the patent market. The unitary patent also raises legal issues for non-participating countries, which are not yet fully resolved.

In conclusion, the unitary patent system is a major innovation in the field of intellectual property in Europe, but it also poses significant challenges for its implementation and acceptance. It aims to foster innovation and competitiveness in the EU, but it also creates disparities and conflicts between participating and non-participating countries. It offers a simplified and uniform protection for inventors and innovative companies, but it also exposes them to risks and uncertainties in cross-border litigation. It is therefore important that the unitary patent is carefully monitored and evaluated, and that its benefits and drawbacks are balanced and communicated to all stakeholders.

(1) https://www.epo.org/applying/european/unitary/unitary-patent.html

(2) https://www.epo.org/applying/european/unitary.html

(3) https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-unitary-patent-and-unified-patent-court

2023, EviOTP NFC HSM Technology, EviPass NFC HSM technology, EviPass Technology, NFC HSM technology, PassCypher

PassCypher NFC HSM: Secure and Convenient Password Management

Posted on June 29, 2023February 29, 2024 by FMTAD

29
Jun

PassCypher NFC HSM by Jacques Gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

Discover Secure Password Management with PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM

Protect your passwords with innovative solutions from PassCypher. From contactless management to invention patents, enhanced security, and versatility, find out how PassCypher provides you with a convenient and secure solution for password management. Don’t let data vulnerability be a concern anymore. Dive into our dedicated article on PassCypher products and take control of your password security.

Articles Electronics News Press release Technologies

Freemindtronic’s Legacy: Rediscovering Excellence

September 21, 2023

evistealth FOMEC FFOMECBLOT Camouflage Furtif Anonymat

2022 CyberStealth Eurosatory 2022 Press release

EviStealth Technology at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

Cyber Computer Laptop EviCypher technology embedded contactless NFC hardware from Freemindtronic andorra Eurosatory 2022 exhibition picture web edition

2022 Cyber Computer Eurosatory 2022 Press release

Cyber Computer at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

Contactless double strongbox with enslaving access evicypher nfc rugged secure usb storage technology

2022 Contactless Dual Strongbox Eurosatory 2022 Press release

The Contactless Dual Strongbox for sensitive data at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

Europe1 News Press

Europe1 EviCypher, the French invention to fight against cyber attacks

April 11, 2022

2021 Press

Physical barrier to regaining control of the data

June 2, 2021

Eurosatory 2022 Freemindtronic Andorra presents the first time in its history its latest innovations in safety cyber security & anti-spying Soldier NFC phone

Press release

Press releases and documents

May 27, 2021

Press

The Freemindtronic press

May 27, 2021

Discover our other articles on digital security

PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM: Secure and Convenient Password Management

Introduction

PassCypher offers a range of contactless hardware password managers known as PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM. These products are protected by three invention patents and incorporate EviPass, EviOTP, and EviCore NFC HSM technologies, along with Freemindtronic’s NFC HSM devices, EviTag, and Evicard. PassCypher allows you to securely and conveniently store and manage passwords, one-time passwords (OTP), and HMAC-based passwords. It eliminates the need for a power source or internet connection. Additionally, PassCypher features a built-in RSA 4096 key manager with a random generator capable of changing the key up to one million times without any risk of error. It seamlessly works on Android NFC-enabled phones with fingerprint access control and is compatible with computers supporting Chromium-based or Firefox-based web browsers with autofill and auto login functionalities. For computer use, users need to install the PassCypher NFC Web Browser Extension and EviDNS software, which acts as a hotspot for pairing the extension with the PassCypher NFC HSM application through the local network. PassCypher is not compatible with Safari.

Features and Benefits

PassCypher’s web browser extension offers several convenient features, including:

Management of Paired Phones

With PassCypher, you can easily manage the phones paired with the EviCore NFC HSM for Web Browser extension. You can add phones to the list of paired devices, manage favorites, make direct calls, and delete paired phones.

Create a New Label (Secret)

PassCypher enables you to create labels containing sensitive information such as login IDs, passwords, OTPs, or HOTPs. You can define the name of the label and use an intelligent random password generator for login IDs and segmented keys. Additionally, PassCypher allows you to create a compatible QR Code for each label.

Digital Post-it

Retrieve labels from the NFC HSM in clear text using the Digital Post-it feature. This enables you to manually use the information for copying and pasting, including login IDs.

Free Tools: Advanced Password Manager

PassCypher offers a real-time entropy state bar based on Shannon’s mathematical function and a passphrase generator. It also includes various features such as checking if your password has been compromised in a data breach, generating personalized password and segmented key labels, and fetching login credentials and cloud keys.

Strongbox Function

The Strongbox function provides automatic anti-phishing protection by verifying the URL before authorizing auto-filling login fields. It leverages EviCore NFC HSM technology to store the URL during the first automatic login to a favorite site. Upon subsequent logins, PassCypher checks if the URL matches the auto-login request, ensuring seamless and secure authentication.

Segmented Key Generator

PassCypher introduces an innovative segmented key generator that requires multiple parties to reconstruct the key. The extension automatically populates the appropriate fields for each key component, ensuring the key’s integrity and security.

Pwned Function (Enhanced Cybersecurity)

Pwned offers proactive monitoring for online credentials. By leveraging a database of compromised usernames and passwords, PassCypher securely checks if your login information has been compromised in past data breaches. This feature helps prevent identity theft by promptly alerting you to compromised credentials and enabling you to change your password immediately.

Secret Phrase Generator (Passphrase)

Generate mnemonic phrases with basic salting using PassCypher’s Secret Phrase Generator. You can customize the number of words in your passphrase and choose special characters for separation. The real-time entropy control based on Shannon’s mathematical function enhances the security of your passphrases.

Advantages of PassCypher

PassCypher offers numerous advantages to its users:

High-level Security: High-level security: PassCypher provides optimal security with AES 256-bit segmented key post-quantum encryption in NFC HSM memories, zero-knowledge architecture, patented technology and an integrated RSA 4096 key that enhances share security and remote backup of OTP passwords, segmented keys and secret keys.
User-Friendly: PassCypher is easy to use with its contactless NFC card or tag, which can be conveniently placed on smartphones, computers, or other compatible devices.
Environmentally Friendly and Cost-effective: PassCypher eliminates the need for batteries, cables, or power sources, making it eco-friendly and cost-effective.
Versatility: PassCypher can manage passwords, OTPs, and HOTPs, providing two-factor authentication capabilities.
Compatibility: PassCypher is compatible with various operating systems (Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, iOS) and web browsers based on Chromium or Firefox.
One-time Purchase: There are no financial commitments or subscriptions required to purchase PassCypher products.
Absolute Anonymity: PassCypher follows the principles of zero-trust and plug-and-play, requiring no account creation or collection of personal or hardware information. It ensures complete user anonymity.
Built-in Black Box: The NFC HSM Tag and Card devices feature a black box that records certain events, such as the number of incorrect password attempts, providing traceability and security.
Air Gap Functionality: PassCypher operates in an air gap mode, independent of servers or secret databases. It securely stores all data in real-time on the volatile memory of the phone or computer.
Physically Decentralized Strongbox: The strongbox autofill and auto login feature is securely stored within the Evicypher application on Android phones. This allows for extreme portability across multiple computers, utilizing the energy harvested from the phone’s NFC signal without contact.

Freemindtronic win awards 2021 Next-Gen in Secrets Management with EviCypher & EviToken Technologies

Freemindtronic win awards 2021 Most Innovative in Hardware Password Manager with EviCypher & EviToken Technologies

Freemindtronic Receives Global InfoSec Awards for Innovative PassCypher NFC HSM Technology

Freemindtronic, the proud developer of PassCypher NFC HSM, has been recognized as a winner of the prestigious Global InfoSec Awards during the RSA Conference 2021. The company was honored with three awards, including the titles of “Most Innovative Hardware Password Manager” and “Next-Gen in Secrets Management” by Cyber Defense Magazine. This achievement highlights Freemindtronic’s commitment to delivering cutting-edge cybersecurity solutions. With PassCypher NFC HSM’s advanced technology, users can enjoy secure and convenient password management. Join us as we celebrate this remarkable accomplishment and learn more about the exceptional features that make PassCypher a standout choice for safeguarding sensitive information.

Disadvantages of PassCypher

Despite its many advantages, PassCypher has a few limitations:

NFC Device Requirement: PassCypher requires an NFC-compatible device to function, which may limit its use on certain devices or in specific situations.
Risk of Loss or Theft: Like any portable device, PassCypher can be lost or stolen, necessitating backup and recovery measures.
Incompatibility with Safari: PassCypher is not compatible with the Safari browser, which may be inconvenient for Mac or iPhone users.

Lifecycle

PassCypher has an exceptionally long lifecycle, estimated to be over 40 years without maintenance or a power source. It can handle up to 1,000,000 guaranteed error-free read/write cycles, equivalent to daily use for over a millennium. PassCypher is designed to withstand extreme temperatures ranging from -40°C to +85°C. It is also resistant to shocks, scratches, magnetic fields, X-rays, and its TAG version is enveloped in military-grade resin, surpassing IP89K standards for superior waterproofing. As a result, PassCypher offers exceptional durability and resilience against external factors.

Comparison with Competitors

PassCypher stands out from its competitors in several ways:

Contactless Hardware Manager: PassCypher is the only password manager that operates without requiring physical contact, providing a more convenient and hygienic solution compared to USB keys or biometric readers.
Patent Protection: PassCypher is protected by three international invention patents, ensuring exclusivity and reliability compared to other solutions in the market.
Innovative Technology: PassCypher incorporates EviPass, EviOTP, and EviCore NFC HSM technologies, along with Freemindtronic’s NFC HSM devices, EviTag and Evicard, providing unparalleled performance and features.
RSA 4096 Key Manager: PassCypher is the only password manager that offers an RSA 4096 key manager with a random generator, allowing for one million key changes without the risk of error. This provides an additional level of security and flexibility..
Value Proposition for Customers: PassCypher brings significant value to its customers by enabling them to:
- Protect their data: PassCypher ensures the security of personal and professional data, guarding against hacking, theft, or loss.
- Simplify password management: PassCypher centralizes the management of passwords and access codes, offering a user-friendly solution for securely handling them.
- Securely access online accounts: PassCypher enables secure access to online accounts, even without an internet connection or power source.
- Benefit from innovative technology: By choosing PassCypher, customers gain access to innovative and patented technology developed by Freemindtronic, a leading company in the NFC HSM field.
- Flexibly secure secrets: PassCypher offers various options for securely backing up secrets, including cloning between NFC HSM devices (EviCard or EviTag), partial or complete copying between nearby or remote devices using RSA 4096 public key encryption, or encrypted archiving on any encrypted storage media using the RSA 4096 public key of an NFC HSM EviCard or EviTag. This flexibility provides peace of mind and adaptability to customers.
- Choose the appropriate storage format: PassCypher is available in three different formats with varying secret storage capacities, allowing customers to choose the one that best suits their needs and budget.
- Multilingual Support: The PassCypher Android application and web browser extension are available in 14 different languages. Users can use PassCypher in their preferred language, including Arabic (AR), Catalan (CA), Chinese (CN), German (DE), English (EN), Spanish (ES), French (FR), Italian (IT), Japanese (JA), Portuguese (PT), Romanian (RO), Russian (RU), Ukrainian (UK), and Bengali (BIN). This feature provides a personalized experience and facilitates the use of PassCypher in various international contexts.

Comparison with Competitors

To better understand the advantages of PassCypher compared to other solutions in the market, here is a comparative table:

Features	PassCypher NFC HSM	Competitor A	Competitor B
Contactless Management	Yes	Yes	No
Invention Patents	Yes (3 international patents)	No	Yes (1 national patent)
NFC HSM Technology	Yes (EviPass, EviOTP, EviCore)	No	Yes (proprietary technology)
RSA 4096 Key Manager	Yes	No	Yes (RSA 2048 key)
Versatility	Passwords, TOTP, HOTP, Fingerprint	Passwords	Passwords, Fingerprint
OS Compatibility	Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, iOS	Windows, MacOS	Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android
Browser Compatibility	Chromium- or Firefox-based browsers	Chrome, Firefox, Safari	Chrome, Firefox
One-Time Purchase	Yes	Subscription	Yes
Data Protection	AES 256-bit, Zero-knowledge architecture for NFC memory	AES 128-bit	AES 256-bit, ECC, RSA 4096
Virtual Keyboard Support	USB Bluetooth Multilingual	No	No
Biometric Authentication	Fingerprint (from NFC-enabled phone)	No	Fingerprint (selected devices)
RSA-4096 Key Regeneration	Yes (up to 1 million times without errors)	N/A	N/A
PassCypher Pro Compatibility	All OS, Computers, TVs, NFC-enabled phones	Limited compatibility	Limited compatibility

This table highlights the unique features of PassCypher, such as contactless management, invention patents, NFC HSM technology, RSA 4096 key manager, and extensive compatibility with operating systems and browsers. Compared to competitors, PassCypher offers superior versatility, enhanced security, and flexibility in purchasing options.

Comparison with Competitors

PassCypher stands out from its competitors in several key aspects. Let’s compare PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM with two major competitors in the market, Competitor A and Competitor B.

PassCypher NFC HSM vs. Competitor A

PassCypher NFC HSM offers contactless management, protected by three international invention patents, and utilizes advanced NFC HSM technology (EviPass, EviOTP, EviCore). It includes an RSA 4096 key manager, enabling secure key changes and flexibility. PassCypher NFC HSM supports passwords, OTPs, and HOTPs for versatile authentication. It is compatible with various operating systems and browsers, including Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, and iOS, as well as Chromium and Firefox. PassCypher NFC HSM is available for one-time purchase, providing long-term value and eliminating subscription fees. With AES 256-bit data protection and a zero-knowledge architecture, PassCypher ensures the highest level of security.

In comparison, Competitor A also offers contactless management and AES 128-bit data protection. However, it lacks the extensive patent protection, advanced NFC HSM technology, and RSA 4096 key manager provided by PassCypher. Additionally, Competitor A may have limited compatibility with operating systems and browsers, restricting its usability for some users.

PassCypher NFC HSM vs. Competitor B

PassCypher NFC HSM surpasses Competitor B with its contactless management, three international invention patents, and NFC HSM technology (EviPass, EviOTP, EviCore). It includes an RSA 4096 key manager for secure and flexible key changes. PassCypher NFC HSM supports passwords, OTPs, and HOTPs, providing versatile authentication options. It offers compatibility with a wide range of operating systems and browsers, including Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, and iOS, as well as Chromium and Firefox. The one-time purchase model of PassCypher NFC HSM eliminates ongoing subscription fees. With AES 256-bit data protection and a zero-knowledge architecture, PassCypher ensures the utmost security for user data.

In comparison, Competitor B offers contactless management, AES 256-bit data protection, and compatibility with multiple operating systems. However, it lacks the advanced NFC HSM technology, invention patents, and RSA 4096 key manager offered by PassCypher, limiting its capabilities and security features.

Conclusion
PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM are cutting-edge solutions for secure and convenient password management. With advanced NFC HSM technology, patent protection, and versatile features, PassCypher offers unparalleled security and flexibility. Whether it’s protecting personal or professional data, simplifying password management, or securely accessing online accounts, PassCypher provides a comprehensive solution.
By choosing PassCypher, users gain access to innovative technology, a one-time purchase model, and multilingual support. PassCypher’s ability to securely back up secrets and its compatibility with various operating systems and browsers further enhance its appeal. In comparison to its competitors, PassCypher demonstrates superior versatility, advanced security measures, and a user-friendly approach.
Discover the next level of password management with PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM, and experience the peace of mind that comes with secure and convenient password management.

To contact us click here

2023, Articles, Cyberculture, Technologies

NRE Cost Optimization for Electronics: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on June 21, 2023February 20, 2024 by FMTAD

21
Jun

NRE Cost Optimization for Electronics by Jacques Gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

Summary

NRE cost optimization for electronics is a key factor for ensuring the profitability of electronic product development. NRE cost can be reduced by using different levers and tools, such as optimizing the V-cycle, the WBS, and the schedule, and using the TRL scale to assess the maturity of technologies. Freemindtronic is an example of a company that uses these techniques to optimize NRE cost for its electronic products with PCB, which are based on its patented technologies and offered under license and white label services.

Cardokey NFC vCard Business: Edit, Read, and Import Contacts Seamlessly on iPhone.

2024 Articles Cardokey EviSwap NFC NDEF Technology GreenTech Technical News

NFC vCard Cardokey: Revolutionizing Digital Networking

March 25, 2024

2024 Articles Cyberculture EviPass Password

Human Limitations in Strong Passwords Creation

January 22, 2024

SSH handshake with Terrapin attack and EviKey NFC HSM

2024 Articles Digital Security EviKey NFC HSM EviPass News SSH

Terrapin attack: How to Protect Yourself from this New Threat to SSH Security

January 11, 2024

2023 Articles Cyberculture EviCypher NFC HSM News Technologies

Telegram and the Information War in Ukraine

January 5, 2024

Articles Crypto Currency Cryptocurrency Digital Security EviPass Technology NFC HSM technology Phishing

Ledger Security Breaches from 2017 to 2023: How to Protect Yourself from Hackers

December 16, 2023

TETRA Security Vulnerabilities secured by EviPass or EviCypher NFC HSM Technologies from Freemindtronic-Andorra

Articles Digital Security EviCore NFC HSM Technology EviPass NFC HSM technology NFC HSM technology

TETRA Security Vulnerabilities: How to Protect Critical Infrastructures

November 27, 2023

2023 Articles DataShielder Digital Security EviCore NFC HSM Technology EviCypher NFC HSM EviCypher Technology NFC HSM technology

FormBook Malware: How to Protect Your Gmail and Other Data

November 23, 2023

Articles EviCore NFC HSM Technology legal News Training

Dual-Use Encryption Products: a regulated trade for security and human rights

November 17, 2023

Discover our other articles on digital security

Efficient NRE Cost Optimization for Electronics

NRE Cost Optimization, in the field of electronic product development, plays a central role. This one-time cost, associated with designing, testing, and developing a new product, has a direct impact on the product’s unit cost and the profit margin. Therefore, estimating and optimizing NRE cost are essential for ensuring the project’s viability and profitability.

NRE cost depends on several factors, such as:

The complexity and size of the product
The quantity and frequency of the orders
The technology, tools, and methods used for designing, manufacturing, and testing the product
The software associated with the product
The royalty fee paid to the technology provider

The complexity and size of the product can drive up the costs due to the increase in material and labor costs. On the other hand, larger and repeated orders can reduce the NRE cost per unit, as fixed costs are distributed over more units.

In this article, we will explain how to calculate NRE cost for electronic products with PCB (printed circuit boards), which are the core components of any electronic device. We will also present three main levers to reduce NRE cost for electronic products with PCB: optimizing the V-cycle, optimizing the WBS (work breakdown structure), and accelerating schedule. Finally, we will introduce the TRL scale (technology readiness level scale), a tool that can help you optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB by assessing and comparing the maturity of different technologies.

We will also show you how Freemindtronic, an Andorran company specialized in security and cybersecurity of computer systems and information systems, uses the TRL scale to optimize NRE cost for its electronic products with PCB. Freemindtronic also offers its technologies under license, including international patents, and provides white label product creation services.

NRE cost optimization for electronics digital cyber security by Freemindtronic from Andorra

How to Calculate NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB?

To optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB, you need to know how to calculate it. NRE cost can be divided into four main categories:

Design cost: this includes the software tools for CAD (computer-aided design), licenses, salaries of designers, etc.
Fabrication cost: this includes the materials, equipment, tools, personnel, etc. for manufacturing the electronic components and assembling them into a product.
Test cost: this includes the measurement devices, test software, salaries of testers, etc. for verifying the functionality and quality of the product.
Software cost: this includes the firmware, drivers, embedded systems, applications, extensions, etc. associated with the product.
Royalty cost: this includes the fee paid to the technology provider for using their technology in the product.

To calculate NRE cost for electronic products with PCB, you need to estimate the time and resources required for each category. You can use historical data from previous projects or industry benchmarks as references. You can also use online calculators or software tools to help you estimate NRE cost.

In addition to these categories, you also need to consider the software associated with the PCB,

which ensure its functionality and interaction with the user or other systems. The software associated with the PCB include:

Firmware: they are embedded in the PCB and control the behavior of the electronic components. They are usually written in low-level (assembler) or intermediate-level (C, C++, etc.) languages. They are specific to the product and must be adapted to the characteristics of the PCB and the electronic components.
Drivers: they are installed on the computer or system that communicates with the PCB. They allow the system to recognize the PCB and transmit data between the PCB and the system. They are usually written in high-level (C#, Java, Python, etc.) languages. They must be compatible with the operating system and communication protocol used.
Embedded systems: they are installed on the PCB or on another support (memory card, hard disk, etc.). They allow to manage the functions of the product and provide a user interface. They are usually written in high-level (C#, Java, Python, etc.) languages. They must be adapted to the capabilities of the PCB and the needs of the product.
Applications: they are installed on the computer or system that communicates with the PCB. They allow the user to access the functionalities of the product and customize its settings. They are usually written in high-level (C#, Java, Python, Go, Type script, elvet etc.) languages. They must be ergonomic and intuitive for the user.
Extensions: they are installed on the computer or system that communicates with the PCB. They allow to add functionalities to the product or connect it to other services or systems. They are usually written in high-level (html, type script, web RTC, Java, java script, etc.) languages. They must be secure and respect compatibility standards.

These software must be designed, developed and tested in parallel with the PCB, in order to guarantee their coherence and performance. They must also be updated regularly to correct any bugs or to bring improvements to the product.

Besides these categories, you also need to consider the tools required for manufacturing and testing the PCB, which depend on the characteristics of the PCB and the requirements of the product. The tools for manufacturing and testing the PCB include:

Soldering machines: they allow to assemble electronic components on the PCB by soldering. There are different types of soldering machines, depending on the process used (wave soldering, reflow soldering, selective soldering, etc.).
Insertion machines: they allow to insert electronic components through holes in the PCB. They are used for through-hole components, which are fixed by soldering on both sides of the PCB.
Placement machines: they allow to place electronic components on the surface of the PCB. They are used for SMD (surface mount device) components, which are fixed by soldering on one side of the PCB.
Cutting machines: they allow to cut the PCB according to the desired shape. They are used to separate the different parts of the PCB or to adjust the size of the PCB.
Drilling machines: they allow to drill holes in the PCB to insert components or connectors. They are used to make connections between the different layers of the PCB or between the PCB and other elements.
Engraving machines: they allow to engrave patterns or inscriptions on the PCB. They are used to identify the PCB or to add technical or aesthetic information to it. For example, you can engrave the serial number, the manufacturer name, or the logo of the product on the PCB.
Measurement devices: they allow to verify the electrical and physical characteristics of the PCB. They include various devices such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, insulation testers, etc. These devices allow you to measure the electrical and physical characteristics of the PCB, such as voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, frequency, etc.
Test software: they allow to control the functionality of the PCB and electronic components. They include various software such as simulation software, fault injection software, functional analysis software, etc. These software allow you to test the behavior of the PCB and electronic components under different conditions and scenarios.

These tools must be chosen according to the type and complexity of the PCB, as well as the level of quality required for the product. They must also be calibrated and maintained regularly to ensure their reliability and accuracy.

To illustrate how to calculate NRE cost for electronic products with PCB, let’s take an example of a project that involves developing a new product based on a 4-layer PCB with 1000 components (800 SMD and 200 through-hole). The project duration is 12 months and requires two engineers (one for design and one for test) with a salary of $3000 per month each. The project also requires a CAD software license ($5000), a fabrication service ($5000), a test service ($5000), a software development service ($10 000), and a royalty fee (5% of sales).

The following table shows how to calculate NRE cost for this project:

Item	Formula	Cost
Human resources	(3 000 + 2 000) x (1 + 0.5) x 2 x 12	$90 000
Software tools	–	$10 000
Materials	–	$5 000
Equipment	–	$15 000
Software	–	$10 000
Royalty fee	0.05 x 200 000	$10 000
Total NRE cost	Sum of above items	$140 000

As you can see, NRE cost can be quite high for electronic products with PCB, especially if the product is complex or requires specific technologies or tools. Therefore, it is important to optimize NRE cost by using different levers and tools that can improve the efficiency and quality of the product development process.

Three Main Levers to Reduce NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB

To optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB, you need to know how to reduce it. NRE cost can be reduced by using different levers and tools that can improve the efficiency and quality of the product development process. In this section, we will present three main levers to reduce NRE cost for electronic products with PCB:

Optimizing the V-cycle: this is to optimize the design process of the product, which follows a V-shaped model that consists of four main phases: definition, design, verification, and validation. Optimizing the V-cycle relies on the following sub-levers:

Defining clearly and precisely the customer needs and product specifications, which are translated into functional and technical requirements for the product. This helps to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding, and to align the expectations of all stakeholders. Designing modular and scalable product, which allows reusing existing components or technologies and adapting easily to future changes or improvements. This helps to reduce the design cost and time, and to increase the flexibility and adaptability of the product. Making prototypes and mock-ups, which allow testing the product in real conditions and collecting customer feedback. This helps to validate the feasibility and functionality of the product, and to identify and correct any errors or defects before mass production. Planning rigorously and realistically the project, taking into account technical, financial, and temporal constraints, and anticipating possible contingencies. This helps to optimize the use of resources, to avoid delays and budget overruns, and to manage risks effectively. Monitoring and controlling regularly the project, using performance indicators and appropriate project management tools, which measure the progress of the project and identify deviations from the initial plan. This helps to ensure the quality and efficiency of the project execution, and to take corrective actions if needed. Validating systematically the product at each stage of the V-cycle, using appropriate methods and test criteria, which ensure compliance and quality of the product. This helps to verify that the product meets the customer needs and product specifications, and to obtain certification or approval from relevant authorities.

Optimizing the WBS (work breakdown structure): this is to structure the project into sub-projects, tasks, and activities, which are hierarchized and detailed according to their level of complexity and dependence. Optimizing the WBS relies on the following sub-levers:

Decomposing logically and coherently the project, respecting the principle of sum of parts equal to whole, that is, each element of WBS must contribute to achieving global project. This helps to clarify the scope and objectives of the project, and to avoid duplication or omission of work. Defining clearly and precisely deliverables associated with each element of WBS, specifying expected features, responsibilities, deadlines, and costs. This helps to define the expected outcomes of each element of WBS, and to assign roles and responsibilities to each actor of the project. Assigning resources needed for each element of WBS, taking into account skills, availability, and costs of human, material, and financial resources. This helps to allocate resources efficiently and effectively to each element of WBS, and to optimize the cost and quality of the project. Coordinating and communicating among different actors of project, using collaborative tools and agile methods, which promote information exchange and problem solving. This helps to ensure the coherence and consistency of the project, and to foster the collaboration and innovation among different actors.

Accelerating schedule: this is to reducethe total duration of project by optimizing use of available resources and minimizing idle times. Accelerating schedule relies on following sub-levers:Reducing duration of critical tasks that have direct impact on end date of project. For this, we can use techniques such as crashing (increasing resources assigned to a task) or fast-tracking (performing tasks in parallel instead of sequentially). This helps to shorten the critical path of the project, which determines the minimum time required for completing the project. Increasing parallelism of non-critical tasks that do not affect the end date of project, but can reduce the total duration of project. For this, we can use techniques such as overlapping (starting a task before the previous one is completed) or splitting (dividing a task into smaller subtasks that can be performed in parallel). This helps to increase the concurrency of tasks in the project, which reduces idle times and improves resource utilization. Eliminating or minimizing slack time of tasks that is the difference between the earliest and latest start or finish times of a task. For this, we can use techniques such as resource leveling (balancing the demand and supply of resources over the project duration) or resource smoothing (adjusting the resource allocation to reduce peaks and valleys in resource usage). This helps to optimize the slack time of tasks, which can be used to absorb uncertainties or delays, or to improve quality or performance.

These levers and tools can help you optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB by reducing errors, delays, and budget overruns by improving the quality and efficiency of the product development process. They can also increase customer satisfaction and confidence by demonstrating the compliance and quality of the product at each stage of development.

How to Use the TRL Scale to Optimize NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB?

Another tool that can help you optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB is the ^TRL scale, or technology readiness level scale. The TRL scale is a tool for measuring or indicating the maturity of a technology. It was originally developed by NASA in the 1990s as a means to manage the technological risk of its programs. The TRL scale can help you optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB by providing a common language and framework for assessing and comparing the maturity of different technologies in the context of a specific application, implementation, and operational environment. The TRL scale also helps you identify gaps and risks in your technology development process, and plan appropriate actions and resources to address them.

The TRL scale ranges from 1 to 9, with 9 being ready for commercialization. The TRL scale describes the performance history of a given system, subsystem, or component relative to a set of levels that correspond to different stages of development.

The following table summarizes the main characteristics and criteria of each TRL level:

TRL	Definition	Description	Criteria
1	Basic principles observed	Scientific research begins and results are translated into future research and development	Publication or report of basic principles
2	Technology concept formulated	Basic principles are applied to practical applications and experimental proof of concept is obtained	Publication or report of applied research
3	Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of-concept	Active research and design begin and proof-of-concept model is constructed	Analytical studies and laboratory tests
4	Component/subsystem validation in laboratory environment	Component pieces are tested with each other in a simulated environment	Component integration and testing
5	Component/subsystem validation in relevant environment	Breadboard technology is tested in a realistic environment with simulated interfaces	System-level testing in relevant environment
6	System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment	Fully functional prototype or representational model is demonstrated in a realistic environment with actual interfaces	System-level testing in relevant environment
7	System prototype demonstration in an operational environment	Working model or prototype is demonstrated in an extreme environment with all interfaces	System-level testing in operational environment
8	Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration	Technology has been tested and “flight qualified” and is ready for implementation into an existing technology or technology system	System-level testing in operational environment
9	Actual system proven through successful mission operations	Technology has been “flight proven” during a successful mission and meets all performance requirements	System-level testing in operational environment

What are the Benefits of Using the TRL Scale for Freemindtronic?

By using the TRL scale, Freemindtronic was able to achieve the following benefits:

Providing a common language and framework for assessing and comparing the maturity of its technology with other technologies on the market.
Identifying gaps and risks in its technology development process and planning appropriate actions and resources to address them.
Reducing errors, delays, and budget overruns by improving the quality and efficiency of its product development process.
Increasing customer satisfaction and confidence by demonstrating the compliance and quality of its product at each stage of development.

Freemindtronic also offers its technologies under license, including international patents, and provides white label product creation services. This allows its customers to protect their products and services created in their brand and embedding Freemindtronic’s technologies. In addition, they benefit from territorial protection in terms of international intellectual property. Freemindtronic also offers the possibility of negotiating an NRE royalty with its customers, depending on the added value of its technology and market conditions. Moreover, Freemindtronic has designed a mutualized offer of its NRE costs, distributed among all its customers under licenses. This has the effect of reducing the royalty cost attached to the NRE. This also has the effect of making affordable access to the different licenses, especially patented ones, which produce a low impact on the products marketed.

Freemindtronic guarantees an industrial quality of its products,

manufactured with industrial grade electronic components. It also ensures a complete traceability of the manufacture of its offline products and end-to-end cybersecurity from HSMs, from design to end user.

Conclusion and Contact Information
We hope that this article has given you some useful insights on how to optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB by using different levers and tools. We also hope that you have learned how to use the TRL scale to optimize NRE cost for electronic products with PCB by assessing and comparing the maturity of different technologies.
We also showed you how Freemindtronic, an Andorran company specialized in security and cybersecurity of computer systems and information systems, uses the TRL scale to optimize NRE cost for its electronic products with PCB. Freemindtronic also offers its technologies under license, including international patents, and provides white label product creation services.
If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us. We will be happy to assist you with your project.
Thank you for your attention.

To contact us click here

2023, Articles, Digital Security, Technical News

Remote activation of phones by the police: an analysis of its technical, legal and social aspects

Posted on June 11, 2023March 25, 2024 by FMTAD

11
Jun

Remote activation of phones by the police by Jacques Gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

How does remote activation of phones by the police work?

An article of the bill on justice 2023-2027 raises controversy. It allows remote activation of mobile phones and capture of images or sound without the owner’s consent, for cases of organized crime or terrorism. How does this intelligence technique work? What are the conditions to use it? What are its advantages and disadvantages? What is the situation in other countries? We explain everything in this article.

Shadowy hacker with a laptop in front of a digital map of Russia highlighted in red, symbolizing the origin of Kapeka Malware.

2024 Digital Security

Kapeka Malware: Comprehensive Analysis of the Russian Cyber Espionage Tool

April 18, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Digital Security News Training

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

April 15, 2024

Illustration of an Apple MacBook with a highlighted M-series chip vulnerability, surrounded by symbols of data security breach and a global impact background.

2024 Digital Security

Apple M chip vulnerability: A Breach in Data Security

March 25, 2024

Digital world map with cybersecurity icons representing the Cybersecurity Breach at IMF.

2024 Digital Security

Cybersecurity Breach at IMF: A Detailed Investigation

March 15, 2024

Digital world map showing cyberattack paths with Midnight Blizzard, Microsoft, HPE logos, email symbols, and password spray illustrations.

2024 DataShielder Digital Security PassCypher Phishing

Midnight Blizzard Cyberattack Against Microsoft and HPE: What are the consequences?

March 10, 2024

PrintListener technology concept with NFC security solutions.

2024 Digital Security

PrintListener: How to Betray Fingerprints

February 22, 2024

A visual representation of BitLocker Security featuring a central lock icon surrounded by elements representing Microsoft, TPM, and Windows security settings.

2024 Articles Digital Security News

BitLocker Security: Safeguarding Against Cyberattacks

February 10, 2024

Digital shield by Freemindtronic repelling cyberattack against Microsoft Exchange

2024 Articles Digital Security News

How the attack against Microsoft Exchange on December 13, 2023 exposed thousands of email accounts

February 8, 2024

Discover our other articles on digital security

What is the new bill on justice and why is it raising concerns about privacy?

The bill on justice is a legislative project. It aims to modernize and simplify justice in France. It covers civil, criminal, administrative and digital justice. It also strengthens the investigation and prosecution of serious offenses, such as terrorism and organized crime.

One measure authorizes remote activation of phones by the police for some investigations. Article 3 “An unfailing commitment to better prevent radicalization and fight against terrorism” of the bill includes this measure. It modifies article 706-102-1 of the code of criminal procedure. This article defines how to activate remotely any electronic device that can emit, transmit, receive or store data.

This measure raises privacy concerns because it lets the police access personal or professional data in phones without the owners’ or possessors’ consent or knowledge. It also lets the police locate, record or capture sounds and images from phones without notification or justification. This measure may violate fundamental rights and freedoms, such as privacy, confidentiality, dignity, presumption of innocence and right to a fair trial.

What is remote activation of phones and how does it work?

Remote activation of phones by the police is an intelligence technique that allows law enforcement agencies to access data or record sounds and images from phones without the consent or knowledge of the phone users. This technique can be used for criminal investigations or national security purposes.

To remotely activate phones, law enforcement agencies need three factors: compatibility, connectivity, and security of the phones. They need to be compatible with the software or hardware that enables remote activation. They need to be connected to a network or a device that allows remote access. They need to have security flaws or vulnerabilities that can be exploited or bypassed.

Law enforcement agencies can remotely activate phones by three methods: exploiting vulnerabilities, installing malware, or using spyware on phones. Exploiting vulnerabilities means taking advantage of security flaws or weaknesses in the phone’s operating system, applications, or protocols. Installing malware means putting malicious software on the phone that can perform unauthorized actions or functions. Using spyware means employing software or hardware that can monitor or control the phone’s activity or data.

By remotely activating phones, law enforcement agencies can access data such as contacts, messages, photos, videos, location, browsing history, or passwords. They can also record sounds and images such as conversations, ambient noises, or camera shots. They can do this in real time or later by retrieving the data from the phone’s memory or storage.

What is the French bill on remote activation of phones by the police and what are its implications?

The French bill on remote activation of phones by the police is a legislative text that was promulgated on 25 May 2021. It is part of the justice orientation and programming bill for 2023-2027, which aims to modernize the justice system and reinforce its efficiency and independence.

The bill introduces a new article in the code of criminal procedure, which allows the judge of liberties and detention (at the request of the prosecutor) or the examining magistrate to order the remote activation of an electronic device without the knowledge or consent of its owner or possessor for the sole purpose of locating it in real time. This measure can be applied for crimes or misdemeanors punishable by at least five years’ imprisonment, a fairly broad criterion.

The bill also allows the judge of liberties and detention (at the request of the prosecutor) or the examining magistrate to order the remote activation of an electronic device without the knowledge or consent of its owner or possessor for the purpose of recording sounds and images from it. This measure can be applied only for crimes relating to organized crime and terrorism.

These measures cannot concern parliamentarians, journalists, lawyers, magistrates and doctors, nor the defendants when they are in the judge’s office or with their lawyer.

The bill also specifies that the remote activation of an electronic device must be done in a way that does not alter its functioning or data, and that the data collected must be destroyed within six months after their use.

The bill aims to provide law enforcement agencies with more tools and information to prevent, investigate and prosecute crimes, especially in cases where phones are encrypted, hidden or destroyed. It also aims to harmonize the French legislation with other countries that have used or considered this technique, such as the United States, Germany, Italy, Israel, Canada, China, France, and the United Kingdom.

However, the bill also raises ethical and social challenges, as it involves a trade-off between security and privacy, as well as between effectiveness and legitimacy. It may undermine the right to respect for private life and the right to a fair trial, which are guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights and the French Constitution. It may also expose law enforcement agencies to legal or technical challenges or dangers, such as encryption technologies that can prevent or hinder remote activation. It may also create distrust or resistance among phone users or providers, who may use encryption technologies or legal remedies to protect their data or communications.

The bill has been criticized by several actors, such as lawyers, human rights defenders, digital rights activists, journalists and academics. They have denounced its lack of proportionality, necessity and oversight. They have also questioned its effectiveness and legitimacy. They have called for its withdrawal or amendment.

The bill is still subject to constitutional review by the Constitutional Council before its final promulgation.

How did the Senate vote on the bill and where to find the official sources?

The Senate adopted this measure on October 20, 2021, with some amendments. The Senate voted in favor of this measure by 214 votes against 121. The Senate also added some safeguards to this measure, such as limiting its duration to four months renewable once and requiring prior authorization from an independent judge.

The National Assembly still has to examine the bill before adopting it definitively. The National Assembly may approve, reject or modify this measure. The final text may differ from the one that the Senate voted.

The examination of the bill by the National Assembly will start on December 6, 2021. You can follow the progress of the bill on the website of the National Assembly. You can also find the official text of the bill and the report of the Senate on their respective websites. You can also consult the website of the Ministry of Justice for more information on the bill and its objectives.

What are the benefits and risks of remote activation of phones?

This technique can affect citizens’ and suspects’ behavior in different ways.

On one hand, it can deter people from serious offenses. It exposes them to a higher risk of detection and identification. It reduces their incentives for criminal activities.

On the other hand, it can also make people more cautious or paranoid. It increases their uncertainty and fear. It leads them to avoid electronic devices, encrypt their communications, or use countermeasures such as jamming devices.

This technique can also impact public safety and security positively and negatively.

On one hand, it can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. It provides them with more information and evidence. It helps them prevent, investigate and prosecute crimes.

On the other hand, it can also pose risks for human rights and civil liberties. It allows intrusive and covert surveillance. It violates privacy, confidentiality and dignity. It can also be subject to abuse, misuse or error by law enforcement agents or hackers.

Finally, it can create a feeling of insecurity and mistrust towards institutions, which can access personal or professional data in phones. It can also harm respect for presumption of innocence by placing permanent suspicion on people targeted by this technique. It can also infringe on protection of journalistic sources or right to information by discouraging whistleblowers or witnesses from speaking freely. It can finally encourage people concerned to adopt avoidance or circumvention strategies, such as changing phones regularly, using encrypted applications or switching to airplane mode.

These strategies can reduce the actual effectiveness of this technique for preventing terrorism and organized crime.

What are the arguments in favor of remote activation of phones?

Some people support this technique because they think it has several advantages for law enforcement and public security.

How can remote activation of phones violate privacy and data protection?

One of the main arguments against this technique is that it can violate privacy and data protection for individuals and groups. Privacy and data protection are fundamental rights recognized by international standards and laws. They ensure human dignity and autonomy.

Remote activation of phones violates privacy and data protection by letting law enforcement agencies access personal or professional data without the owners’ or possessors’ consent or knowledge. It also lets law enforcement agencies access sensitive or confidential data without notification or justification. It also lets law enforcement agencies access excessive or irrelevant data without limitation or proportionality.

For example, remote activation of phones could let the police access medical records, financial transactions, political opinions, religious beliefs, sexual preferences, or other intimate information on a device or a communication. It could also let the police access information that is not related to the investigation or that is out of scope on a device or a communication. It could also let the police access information that is not necessary or appropriate for the investigation or that is disproportionate to the seriousness of the offense on a device or a communication.

How can remote activation of phones improve access to justice and evidence?

Another argument in favor of this technique is that it can improve access to justice and evidence for law enforcement agencies and victims of crimes. Justice and evidence ensure the rule of law and the protection of rights.

Remote activation of phones improves access to justice and evidence by letting law enforcement agencies obtain information that is otherwise inaccessible or difficult to obtain. It also lets law enforcement agencies obtain information that is more reliable and accurate than other sources. It also lets law enforcement agencies obtain information that is timelier and more relevant than other sources.

For example, remote activation of phones could help the police access data that is encrypted or password-protected on a device or a communication. It could also help the police access data that is authentic and verifiable on a device or a communication. It could also help the police access data that is up-to-date and pertinent on a device or a communication.

What are the arguments against remote activation of phones?

Some people oppose this technique because they think it has several disadvantages for human rights and civil liberties.

How can remote activation of phones violate privacy and data protection?

How can remote activation of phones undermine the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial?

Another argument against this technique is that it can undermine the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial for individuals and groups. The presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial are fundamental rights recognized by international standards and laws. They ensure justice and accountability.

Remote activation of phones undermines the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial by letting law enforcement agencies access data that they can use against individuals or groups without any legal basis or due process. It also lets law enforcement agencies access data that they can manipulate or falsify by law enforcement agents or hackers. It also lets law enforcement agencies access data that individuals or groups can challenge or contest.

For example, remote activation of phones could let the police access data that they can incriminate individuals or groups without any warrant or authorization from a judge. It could also let the police access data that they can alter or corrupt by law enforcement agents or hackers. It could also let the police access data that individuals or groups can dispute or refute.

How can remote activation of phones create a risk of abuse and misuse by the authorities?

Another argument against this technique is that it can create a risk of abuse and misuse by the authorities for individuals and groups. Abuse and misuse are illegal or unethical actions that violate rights and obligations. They damage trust and legitimacy.

Remote activation of phones creates a risk of abuse and misuse by the authorities by letting law enforcement agencies access data that they can use for purposes other than those authorized or intended. It also lets law enforcement agencies access data that they can share or disclose to third parties without any oversight or control. It also lets law enforcement agencies access data that they can retain or store for longer than necessary or permitted.

For example, remote activation of phones could let the police access data that they can use for political, personal, commercial, or other interests on a device or a communication. It could also let the police access data that they can transfer or leak to other agencies, organizations, media, or individuals on a device or a communication. It could also let the police access data that they can keep or archive for indefinite periods on a device or a communication.

What are the alternatives and safeguards for remote activation of phones?

Some people suggest that there are alternatives and safeguards for remote activation of phones that can balance security and privacy.

What are the existing legal tools to access phone data with judicial authorization?

One of the alternatives for remote activation of phones is to use existing legal tools to access phone data with judicial authorization. Judicial authorization is a legal requirement that ensures respect for rights and obligations. An independent and impartial judge grants it after evaluating the necessity and proportionality of the request.

Existing legal tools to access phone data with judicial authorization include search warrants, wiretaps, geolocation orders, data requisitions, and international cooperation agreements. These tools let law enforcement agencies obtain information from phones in a lawful and transparent manner. They also provide legal protection and recourse for individuals and groups.

For example, search warrants let law enforcement agencies physically seize phones and extract data from them with judicial authorization. Wiretaps let law enforcement agencies intercept calls and messages from phones with judicial authorization. Geolocation orders let law enforcement agencies track the location of phones with judicial authorization. Data requisitions let law enforcement agencies request data from phone operators or service providers with judicial authorization. International cooperation agreements let law enforcement agencies exchange data with foreign authorities with judicial authorization.

What are the principles and conditions for remote activation of phones according to the bill?

One of the safeguards for remote activation of phones is to follow the principles and conditions for remote activation of phones according to the bill. The bill on justice sets some rules and limits for this technique to prevent abuse and misuse.

The principles and conditions for remote activation of phones according to the bill include:

The technique can only be used for terrorism and organized crime investigations.
An independent judge who authorizes it must supervise the technique. The technique can only last for four months renewable once.
The technique must respect necessity, proportionality, subsidiarity, and legality.
Parliament and independent authorities must oversee and control the technique.
Experts and stakeholders must evaluate and review the technique.

These principles and conditions aim to ensure a reasonable and accountable use of this technique. They also aim to protect the rights and interests of individuals and groups.

What are the possible ways to limit or challenge remote activation of phones?

Another safeguard for remote activation of phones is to use possible ways to limit or challenge remote activation of phones by individuals or groups. These ways can help protect rights and interests, as well as ensure accountability and transparency.

Some of the possible ways to limit or challenge remote activation of phones are:

Using encryption technologies:
Encryption technologies can make data on phones unreadable or inaccessible to law enforcement agencies, even if they remotely activate them. Encryption technologies can also protect communications from law enforcement agencies’ interception or recording. For example, using end-to-end encryption apps, such as Signal or WhatsApp, can prevent law enforcement agencies from accessing messages or calls on phones.
Using security features:
Security features can prevent law enforcement agencies from installing or activating software or applications on phones that enable remote activation. Security features can also detect or remove software or applications that enable remote activation. For example, using antivirus software, firewalls, passwords, biometrics, or VPNs can prevent law enforcement agencies from accessing phones.
Using legal remedies:
Legal remedies can let individuals or groups contest or oppose remote activation of phones by law enforcement agencies. Legal remedies can also let individuals or groups seek compensation or redress for damages caused by remote activation of phones. For example, using judicial review, administrative appeals, complaints, lawsuits, or human rights mechanisms can challenge law enforcement agencies’ actions or decisions regarding remote activation of phones.

How does this technique compare with other countries?

Law enforcement agencies in other countries, such as the United States, Germany, Italy, Israel, Canada, China, France, and the United Kingdom, have used or considered remote activation of phones by the police. This technique is not new or unique. However, the legal framework, the technical methods, and the ethical and social implications of this technique vary from country to country..

How does remote activation of phones by the police work in different countries?

Remote activation of phones by the police is an intelligence technique that varies from country to country. It depends on the legal framework, the technical methods and the ethical issues of each country. Here are some examples of how it works in different countries.

In the United States, this technique is known as “roving bugs” or “mobile device tracking”. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) authorizes it for national security purposes and Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act for criminal investigations. It requires a court order based on probable cause and limited in scope and duration. It can locate or record sounds and images from phones. It can be done by installing malware or exploiting vulnerabilities on phones.
In Germany, this technique is known as “Quellen-TKÜ” or “source telecommunications surveillance”. The Code of Criminal Procedure and the Telecommunications Act regulate it for criminal investigations and the Federal Intelligence Service Act for national security purposes. It requires a court order based on reasonable suspicion and proportionality. It can intercept communications from phones. To do so, it installs software or uses spyware on phones.
In Italy, this technique is known as “Trojan horse” or “spyware”. The Code of Criminal Procedure and the Data Protection Code regulate it for criminal investigations. It requires a court order based on serious indications of guilt and necessity. It can access data or record sounds and images from phones. To do so, it installs software or uses spyware on phones.
In Israel, this technique is known as “IMSI catchers” or “stingrays”. The Wiretapping Law and the Privacy Protection Law regulate it for criminal investigations and the Security Service Law for national security purposes. It requires a court order based on reasonable grounds and proportionality. It can locate or intercept communications from phones. To do so, it uses devices that mimic cell towers and trick phones into connecting to them.
In Canada, this technique is known as “cell site simulators” or “IMSI catchers”. The Criminal Code and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms regulate it for criminal investigations. It requires a court order based on reasonable grounds and proportionality. It can locate or intercept communications from phones. To do so, it uses devices that mimic cell towers and trick phones into connecting to them.
In China, this technique is known as “network interception” or “remote control”. The Criminal Procedure Law and the Cybersecurity Law regulate it for criminal investigations and national security purposes. It does not require a court order but only an approval from a higher authority. It can access data or record sounds and images from phones. To do so, it installs software or uses spyware on phones.
In France, real-time geolocation is regulated by the Criminal Procedure Code and the Intelligence Law for criminal and national security investigations. Article 706-102-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code allows police officers and agents to use a technical device to access, record, store and transmit computer data without the consent of the persons concerned. This requires a court order based on serious reasons and proportionality. Article 230-32 of the Criminal Procedure Code states that “Any technical means for real-time location, throughout the national territory, of a person, without his consent, a vehicle or any other object, without the consent of its owner or possessor, may be used if this operation is required by necessity: “. This also requires a court order based on serious reasons and proportionality.
In the United Kingdom, this technique is known as “equipment interference” or “hacking”. The Investigatory Powers Act regulates it for criminal investigations and national security purposes. It requires a warrant based on necessity and proportionality. It can access data or record sounds and images from phones. To do so, it installs software or uses spyware on phones.

How does remote activation of phones by the police raise ethical and social challenges?

Remote activation of phones by the police raises ethical and social challenges in different contexts and situations because it involves a trade-off between security and privacy, as well as between effectiveness and legitimacy.

Security versus privacy

On one hand, remote activation of phones by the police can enhance security by providing law enforcement agencies with more information and evidence to prevent, investigate, and prosecute crimes. It can also deter criminals from using phones to plan or commit crimes.

On the other hand, remote activation of phones by the police can undermine privacy by letting law enforcement agencies access personal or professional data without consent or knowledge. It can also violate human rights and civil liberties by letting law enforcement agencies monitor or record sounds and images without notification or justification.

Effectiveness versus legitimacy

On one hand, remote activation of phones by the police can be effective by increasing the chances of finding relevant information or evidence on phones that may be encrypted, hidden, or destroyed. It can also be efficient by reducing the costs and risks of physical surveillance or interception.

On the other hand, remote activation of phones by the police can be illegitimate by violating the legal framework, the technical methods, or the oversight and control mechanisms that regulate this technique in each country. It can also be counterproductive by creating distrust or resistance among phone users or providers, who may use encryption technologies or legal remedies to protect their data or communications.

The ethical and social challenges of remote activation of phones by the police depend on the legal framework, the technical methods, and the oversight and control mechanisms that regulate this technique in each country. They also depend on the cultural and political values, the public opinion, and the media coverage that shape the perception and acceptance of this technique in each country.

Some of the ethical and social challenges of remote activation of phones by the police are how to :

balance security and privacy in the use of this technique?
ensure compliance with fundamental rights and freedoms in the use of this technique?
prevent abuse, misuse, or error in the use of this technique?
provide legal protection and recourse for individuals or groups affected by this technique?
ensure accountability and transparency in the use of this technique?
evaluate the effectiveness and legitimacy of this technique?
foster trust and cooperation between law enforcement agencies and phone users in the use of this technique?

What is the impact of encryption technologies on this technique?

Encryption technologies are methods or systems that make data unreadable or inaccessible to unauthorized parties. Encryption technologies can have a significant impact on remote activation of phones by the police, as they can make this technique more difficult, risky, or controversial.

How can encryption technologies make remote activation of phones by the police more difficult or impossible?

Encryption technologies can make remote activation of phones by the police more difficult or impossible by preventing law enforcement agencies from accessing data or communications on phones, even if they remotely activate them. Encryption technologies can also protect phones from malware or spyware that enable remote activation.

For example, end-to-end encryption, which some apps such as Signal or WhatsApp use, can prevent law enforcement agencies from intercepting or reading messages or calls on phones, as only the sender and the receiver have the keys to decrypt them. Device encryption, which some operating systems such as iOS or Android use, can prevent law enforcement agencies from extracting or viewing data on phones, as they require a password or a biometric authentication to unlock them.

How can encryption technologies make remote activation of phones by the police more risky or harmful?

Encryption technologies can make remote activation of phones by the police more risky or harmful by exposing law enforcement agencies to legal or technical challenges or dangers. Encryption technologies can also harm phone users by compromising their security or privacy.

For example, breaking encryption, which law enforcement agencies sometimes do to access data or communications on phones, can expose them to legal challenges, as it may violate laws or regulations that protect encryption or privacy. It can also expose them to technical dangers, as it may weaken the security of phones or networks and create vulnerabilities for hackers or criminals. Hacking encryption, which law enforcement agencies sometimes do to install malware or spyware on phones, can harm phone users by compromising their security or privacy, as it may allow unauthorized access to their data or functions.

How can encryption technologies make remote activation of phones by the police more controversial or unacceptable?

Encryption technologies can make remote activation of phones by the police more controversial or unacceptable by raising ethical and social issues or debates. Encryption technologies can also create conflicts or tensions between law enforcement agencies and phone users or providers.

For example, undermining encryption, which law enforcement agencies sometimes request to facilitate remote activation of phones, can raise ethical and social issues or debates, as it may affect human rights and civil liberties, such as privacy, confidentiality, dignity, presumption of innocence, and right to a fair trial. It can also create conflicts or tensions between law enforcement agencies and phone users or providers. They may have different interests or values regarding encryption and security.

How does EviCore NFC HSM technology developed by Freemindtronic offer a high level of protection for phone users?

Remote activation of phones by the police can be facilitated by exploiting security flaws, installing malware, or requesting backdoors in encryption technologies. However, some encryption technologies may be resistant to these measures and offer a higher level of protection for phone users. One of them is the EviCore NFC HSM technology developed by Freemindtronic.

This technology lets users create their own encryption keys in a random way and store them in a physical device that communicates with the phone via NFC (Near Field Communication). The device also lets users define their own trust criteria that must be met to use the keys or their segments. The encryption is done in post-quantum AES-256 mode from either a device compatible with the EviCore NFC HSM technology or from an encrypted enclave in the phone created in the Key chain (Apple) or the Key store (Android) via the EviCore HSM OpenPGP technology. The encryption keys are segmented and superior to 256 bits. Moreover, they are physically externalized from computer systems. Everything is designed by Freemindtronic to effectively fight against espionage and corruption of telephone, computer, communication and information systems. Finally, without a server, without a database, even in air gap and airplane mode works EviCore NFC HSM or EviCore HSM OpenPGP technology. Everything is designed to work in volatile memory to leave no trace in telephone and computer systems.

This technology offers a high level of security and privacy for phone users who want to protect their data from unauthorized access, including by the police. It also offers a high level of performance and usability for phone users who want to encrypt or over-encrypt all types of messaging in the world, including SMS and MMS. It also works with other applications that use encryption, such as email, cloud storage or blockchain.

Furthermore, this technology is designed to be totally anonymous, autonomous, unconnected, without a database, without collecting any information of any kind on the identity of the user, nor on the hardware, nor on the terminals used. The technology is designed to be totally isolated and totally independent of the security of the terminal used whether it is connected or not. Freemindtronic does not keep the unique pairing keys for each NFC HSM device. And even if it did, the user at installation will automatically generate segmented complementary keys for encryption with administrator and user passwords. Each NFC device has a unique 128-bit signature dedicated to fighting against counterfeiting of NFC devices. It is also used as a key segment. The secret stored in eprom memories or in enclaves of the phone and/or computer can be individually secured by other segmented keys characterized by additional trust criteria such as a geozone, a random hexadecimal code via an existing or generated QR code or Bar Code via EviCore HSM. It is therefore physically impossible for Freemindtronic but under judicial assignment to decrypt data encrypted via EviCore HSM technologies even with a quantum computer.

Conclusion

Remote activation of phones by the police is an intelligence technique. It aims to fight terrorism and crime by accessing data or sounds and images from phones without consent or knowledge. Law enforcement agencies in various countries have used or considered this technique. For example, France, the United States, Germany, Italy, Israel, Canada, China, and the United Kingdom. However, this technique raises technical, legal, ethical, and social challenges. They need to be addressed.

On the technical side, remote activation of phones by the police depends on three factors: compatibility, connectivity, and security of the phones. It can be done by three methods: exploiting vulnerabilities, installing malware, or using spyware on phones.For example, EviCore NFC HSM technology developed by Freemindtronic protects data and communications on phones from remote activation by the police. Encryption technologies can make this technique more difficult or impossible by preventing law enforcement agencies from accessing data or communications on phones, even if they remotely activate them.

On the legal side, remote activation of phones by the police requires a legal framework that regulates its use and scope. Laws or regulations can authorize it and specify the conditions and criteria for its application. Legal remedies can also challenge it and contest or oppose its validity or legality.

On the ethical side, remote activation of phones by the police involves a trade-off between security and privacy, as well as between effectiveness and legitimacy. It can enhance security by providing more information and evidence to law enforcement agencies to prevent, investigate, and prosecute crimes. It can also undermine privacy by letting law enforcement agencies access personal or professional data without notification or justification.

On the social side, remote activation of phones by the police raises issues or debates that affect human rights and civil liberties. For example, privacy, confidentiality, dignity, presumption of innocence, and right to a fair trial. It can also create conflicts or tensions between law enforcement agencies and phone users or providers, as they may have different interests or values regarding encryption and security.

Therefore, remote activation of phones by the police is a complex and controversial technique that requires a careful and balanced approach that respects the rights and interests of all parties involved. The French bill on remote activation of phones by the police and the EviCore NFC HSM Open PGP technology developed by Freemindtronic illustrate the complex and evolving relationship between intelligence and encryption in the digital age. They raise questions about finding a balance. It is between security and privacy, between public interest and individual rights, between innovation and regulation.

: According to Okta, privacy is the right to control how your information is viewed and used, while security is protection from threats or dangers (https://www.okta.com/identity-101/privacy-vs-security/).

: According to Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, finding a balance between security and privacy requires addressing technical, legal, and social questions (https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/09/10/moving-encryption-policy-conversation-forward-pub-79573).

: According to Springboard, finding a balance between innovation and regulation requires cooperation among stakeholders and respect for human rights (https://www.springboard.com/blog/cybersecurity/privacy-vs-security-how-to-balance-both/).

2023, Articles, Cryptocurrency, Digital Security, NFC HSM technology, Technologies

How BIP39 helps you create and restore your Bitcoin wallets

Posted on May 28, 2023July 26, 2023 by FMTAD

28
May

BIP39 by Jacques gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

BIP39: how to create and restore your Bitcoin wallets securely

Do you want to know how BIP39 helps you manage your cryptographic keys with a simple mnemonic phrase? Find out in this article how this standard works and how to use it to protect your bitcoins.

2024 Digital Security

Kapeka Malware: Comprehensive Analysis of the Russian Cyber Espionage Tool

April 18, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Digital Security News Training

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

April 15, 2024

2024 Digital Security

Apple M chip vulnerability: A Breach in Data Security

March 25, 2024

2024 Digital Security

Cybersecurity Breach at IMF: A Detailed Investigation

March 15, 2024

2024 DataShielder Digital Security PassCypher Phishing

Midnight Blizzard Cyberattack Against Microsoft and HPE: What are the consequences?

March 10, 2024

2024 Digital Security

PrintListener: How to Betray Fingerprints

February 22, 2024

2024 Articles Digital Security News

BitLocker Security: Safeguarding Against Cyberattacks

February 10, 2024

2024 Articles Digital Security News

How the attack against Microsoft Exchange on December 13, 2023 exposed thousands of email accounts

February 8, 2024

How BIP39 helps you create and restore your Bitcoin wallets

Do you struggle to manage your cryptocurrency wallets? Are you looking for a simple and secure solution to create and restore your wallets? You are not alone. According to a study, more than 20% of cryptocurrency users have lost access to their funds because of a forgotten or stolen private key. Fortunately, there is an innovative solution to avoid this problem: BIP39 and mnemonic phrases. In this article, we will explain what BIP39 is, how it works, what are its advantages and disadvantages, and which wallets support it.

What is BIP39 and how does it work?

BIP39, also known as Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 39, proposes a novel method to simplify the creation and recovery of cryptocurrency wallets. It relies on the use of mnemonic phrases, which are sequences of words easy to remember generated from a predefined list of words. These mnemonic phrases serve to derive the private keys that allow you to access your funds. The use of this method greatly simplifies the management and backup of wallets, avoiding the need to memorize complex private keys.

BIP39 is part of the many BIPs (Bitcoin Improvement Proposals) that aim to improve the Bitcoin protocol. It was proposed in 2013 by Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe. It was implemented on Bitcoin in 2014 and has been adopted by many other cryptocurrency projects since then. You can consult the official document of BIP39 here (link to https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki).

The benefits of BIP39

BIP39 has many benefits for cryptocurrency users. First of all, it simplifies considerably the process of creating and recovering wallets. Thanks to mnemonic phrases, it becomes easier to backup and restore your wallets in case of need. Moreover, these mnemonic phrases are generally more user-friendly, as they are composed of words in natural language, which makes them easier to remember.

Another important benefit is compatibility. Many hardware and software wallets support BIP39, which offers great flexibility in choosing the wallet suitable for your needs. Whether you prefer a physical wallet or a software solution, there is a high chance that you can find a wallet compatible with BIP39.

The drawbacks of BIP39

Despite its many benefits, BIP39 also has some drawbacks. The main drawback lies in the security of the mnemonic phrase. Given that the mnemonic phrase is the key to access your funds, its loss or theft can result in the total loss of your cryptocurrencies. It is therefore crucial to take appropriate security measures to protect your mnemonic phrase, such as secure backup in an offline location.

Another drawback is the dependence on wallet software compatible with BIP39. It is important to verify that the wallet you use supports BIP39 before generating your mnemonic phrase. Otherwise, you may not be able to access your funds with another wallet that uses the same protocol.

Cold wallet vs hardware wallet: what’s the difference?

If you own cryptocurrencies, you need a wallet to store and manage them. But not all wallets are the same. In this article, we will explain the difference between a cold wallet and a hardware wallet, and how to choose the best one for your needs.

What is a cold wallet?

A cold wallet is a type of hardware wallet that is very secure: it never interacts with any smart contract or external source; it only stores assets and executes transfers between your other wallets. For example, a hardware wallet that is not used to explore Web3 can be considered a cold wallet.

What is a hardware wallet?

A hardware wallet is a physical device that stores your private keys in an isolated environment from an internet connection. This is important, because anyone who has access to your private keys has access to your crypto. A hardware wallet also allows you to sign transactions; enabling you to interact with different blockchain networks.

What is the difference between a cold wallet and a hardware wallet?

The main difference between a cold wallet and a hardware wallet is the level of interaction with smart contracts and external sources. A cold wallet is safer than a hardware wallet active online, because it does not face any threat from interactions with smart contracts.

Here is a summary table of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of wallet:

Cold Wallet	Hardware Wallet
+ Very secure	+ Secure
+ Ideal for long-term storage	+ Ideal for Web3 exploration
– Not convenient for frequent transactions	– Less secure than a cold wallet
– Can be lost or damaged	– Can be hacked by malicious smart contracts

What standard is used to generate the mnemonic phrase or mnemonic code?

Another important aspect to consider when choosing a wallet is the standard used to generate the mnemonic phrase or mnemonic code. This is a group of easy-to-remember words that serves as a backup for your wallet in case of loss or destruction. The most common standard is BIP39, which is used by many deterministic (HD) wallets and not only by Bitcoin wallets. It has also been adopted for use in many other cryptocurrency projects.

Cold wallets and hardware wallets generally use BIP39 for master key generation. Some hardware wallets also use other BIPs to improve the security and functionality of their wallets. For example:

The Trezor Model T uses BIP32, BIP39, BIP44 and SLIP39. SLIP39 is an improvement of BIP39 that allows creating split backups (Shamir Backup) for increased security.
The Coldcard uses BIP32, BIP39 and BIP174. BIP174 is a standardized format for partially signed transactions (PSBT) that allows signing transactions offline.

What are the different types of cold wallets and hardware wallets?

There are different types of cold wallets and hardware wallets, and some can belong to both categories. For example, the Keepser is an NFC cold wallet that uses BIP39 to save seed phrases generated by other wallets or blockchains. It is therefore a type of hardware wallet that comes in the form of a contactless card that communicates with an application on your smartphone. The Keepser only protects cryptocurrency private keys, and not other types of private keys. It also allows printing private keys and seed phrases in the form of encrypted QR codes, which can be scanned by the Keepser application to restore wallets. The Keepser uses EviVault and EviSeed technology developed by Freemindtronic, a company specialized in cybersecurity and custom product design.

It is therefore important to check what standards are supported by the wallet you choose and how they affect the security and compatibility of your wallet.

How to choose a BIP39-compatible wallet

Update 29/05/2023

To fully enjoy the benefits of BIP39, it is essential to choose a wallet compatible with this feature. Many hardware and software wallets support BIP39, offering a simplified and secure experience. To help you in your choice, we have created a comprehensive table that compares the best wallets compatible with BIP39:

Cold Wallets

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Cold Wallet & Hardware Wallet	EviSeed	Seed Phrase	Yes	Andorra
2	Cold Wallet	BCVault	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Cold Wallet	Coldcard	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
4	Cold Wallet	Ngrave Zero	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Belgium
5	Cold Wallet	Opendime	Bitcoin	Not supported	Unknown
6	Cold Wallet & Hardware Wallet	SeedNFC	Bitcoin, Ethereum, Seed Phrase, etc.	Yes	Andorra
7	Cold Wallet	NFC Vault	Bitcoin, Ethereum	Yes	Portuguese

Hardware Wallet

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Cold Wallet & Hardware Wallet	EviSeed	Seed Phrase	Yes	Andorra
2	Cold Wallet	BCVault	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Cold Wallet	Coldcard	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
4	Cold Wallet	Ngrave Zero	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Belgium
5	Cold Wallet	Opendime	Bitcoin	Not	Unknown
6	Cold Wallet	Keeypser	Bitcoin, Ethereum, IOTA, etc.	Yes	Andorra
7	Cold Wallet & Hardware Wallet	SeedNFC	Bitcoin, Ethereum, Seed Phrase, etc.	Yes	Andorra
8	Hardware Wallet	BitBox02	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Switzerland
9	Hardware Wallet	CoolWallet S	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
10	Hardware Wallet	D’Cent Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
11	Hardware Wallet	ELLIPAL Titan	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
12	Hardware Wallet	KeepKey	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
13	Hardware Wallet	Cobo Vault	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
14	Hardware Wallet	SecuX V20	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Taiwan
15	Hardware Wallet	Safepal S1	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
16	Hardware Wallet	Bitfi Wallet 2.0	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
17	Hardware Wallet	Trezor Model T	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Czech Republic
18	Hardware Wallet	Ledger Nano X	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	France
19	Hardware Wallet	KeepKey	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	United States
20	Hardware Wallet	Ellipal Titan	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
21	Hardware Wallet	SecuX W20	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Taiwan
22	Hardware Wallet	BitLox Ultimate	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
23	Hardware Wallet	Ledger Nano S	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	France
24	Hardware Wallet	Safe-T mini	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Israel
25	Hardware Wallet	CoolWallet Pro	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
26	Hardware Wallet	Shift Cryptosecurity BitBox02 Bitcoin-only Edition	Bitcoin	Yes	Switzerland
27	Hardware Wallet	Ngrave Zero	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Belgium
28	Hardware Wallet	Cobo Vault	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
29	Hardware Wallet	Safepal S1	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
30	Hardware Wallet	Bitfi Wallet 2.0	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
31	Hardware Wallet	Archos Safe-T mini	Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin etc. more	Yes	France
32	Hardware Wallet	Ellipal EC-01	Bitcoin, Ethereum and more	Yes	hong Kong
33	Hardware Wallet	Blockstream Jade	Bitcoin, Ethereum and more	Yes	Canada
34	Hardware Wallet	SecuX W10	Bitcoin, Ethereum and more	Yes	Taiwan

Hot Wallets

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Hot Wallet	Exodus	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
2	Hot Wallet	MetaMask	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
3	Hot Wallet	Trust Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
4	Hot Wallet	Coin.Space Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
5	Hot Wallet	BRD Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
6	Hot Wallet	ZenGo Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
7	Hot Wallet	Coinomi Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
8	Hot Wallet	Atomic Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
9	Hot Wallet	MyCrypto Wallet	Ethereum, Bitcoin, etc.	Yes	United States
10	Hot Wallet	Edge Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	United States
11	Hot Wallet	Infinite Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Vietnam
12	Hot Wallet	Trustee Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
13	Hot Wallet	Trust Wallet	Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, etc.	Yes	Unknown
14	Hot Wallet	Coin98 Wallet	Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, etc.	Yes	Unknown
15	Hot Wallet	CaféSwap	Binance Smart Chain	Yes	Unknown

Blockchain

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Blockchain	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
2	Blockchain	Ethereum	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
3	Blockchain	Cardan	Cardan	Yes	United Kingdom and Switzerland
4	Blockchain	Ground	Ground	Yes	Unknown
5	Blockchain	Solana	Solana	Yes	United States
6	Blockchain	Polka dots	Polka dots	Yes	Unknown
7	Blockchain	Binance Smart Chain	Binance Smart Chain	Yes	Unknown
8	Blockchain	Ripple	Ripple	Yes	Unknown
9	Blockchain	Dogecoin	Dogecoin	Yes	Unknown
10	Blockchain	Bitcoin Cash	Bitcoin Cash	Yes	Unknown
11	Blockchain	Litecoin	Litecoin	Yes	Unknown
12	Blockchain	Tezos	Tezos	Yes	Unknown
13	Blockchain	Stellar	Stellar	Yes	Unknown
14	Blockchain	EOS	EOS	Yes	Unknown
15	Blockchain	Tron	Tron	Yes	Unknown
16	Blockchain	Neo	Neo	Yes	Unknown
17	Blockchain	Monero	Monero	Yes	Unknown

Wallets Multi-blockchain

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Exodus	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
2	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Coinomi	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Atomic Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
4	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	MyEtherWallet	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
5	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Jaxx Liberty	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
6	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Guarda Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
7	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Infinito Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
8	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Trust Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
9	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Edge Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
10	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Trustee Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
11	Wallet Multi-Blockchain	Coin98 Wallet	Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, etc.	Yes	Unknown

Crypto Seed Phrase Storage (Metal Wallets)

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Cryptotag Zeus	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Cryptosteel Capsule	N/A	N/A	N/A
3	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Keystone Tablet Plus	N/A	N/A	N/A
4	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	SafePal Cypher Seed Board	N/A	N/A	N/A
5	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Privacy Pros Billfodl	N/A	N/A	N/A
6	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Ellipal Mnemonic Metal	Any blockchain that supports BIP39 mnemonic phrases	Yes	Hong Kong
7	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Shieldfolio Stonebook	N/A	N/A	N/A
8	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Blockplate	N/A	N/A	N/A
9	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Cryptosteel Cassette	N/A	N/A	N/A
10	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Billfodl	N/A	N/A	N/A
11	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Crypto Key Stack	N/A	N/A	N/A
12	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	CryptoSteel HEX Backup	N/A	N/A	N/A
13	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Cobo Tablet	N/A	N/A	China
14	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	NGRAVE Graphene	N/A	N/A	Belgium
15	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Osmosis Trezor Wallet	N/A	N/A	N/A

16	Crypto Seed Phrase Storage	Safepal S1 Pro	N/A	N/A	N/A

Mobile Wallets

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Mobile Wallet	Trust Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
2	Mobile Wallet	Coinomi Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Mobile Wallet	Edge Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	United States
4	Mobile Wallet	BRD Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
5	Mobile Wallet	Mycelium Wallet	Bitcoin	Yes	Austria
6	Mobile Wallet	Infinito Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
7	Mobile Wallet	Jaxx Liberty	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
8	Mobile Wallet	Coin98 Wallet	Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, etc.	Yes	Unknown
9	Mobile Wallet	Trustee Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
10	Mobile Wallet	Enjin Wallet	Ethereum, ERC-20 tokens	Yes	Unknown
11	Mobile Wallet	Abra Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	United States
12	Mobile Wallet	Lumi Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
13	Mobile Wallet	Samourai Wallet	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
14	Mobile Wallet	Wasabi Wallet	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
15	Mobile Wallet	GreenAddress Wallet	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
16	Mobile Wallet	Coin.Space Wallet	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
17	Mobile Wallet	Electrum Wallet	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown

Paper Wallets

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Paper Wallet	Bitaddress.org	Bitcoin	Yes	Unknown
2	Paper Wallet	WalletGenerator.net	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Paper Wallet	MyEtherWallet	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
4	Paper Wallet	MoneroAddress.org	Monero	Yes	Unknown
5	Paper Wallet	Liteaddress.org	Litecoin	Yes	Unknown
6	Paper Wallet	WalletGenerator.net	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
7	Paper Wallet	Bitcoin Paper Wallet	Bitcoin	No	Unknown
8	Paper Wallet	Liteaddress.org	Litecoin	Yes	Unknown
9	Paper Wallet	MoneroAddress.org	Monero	Yes	Unknown
10	Paper Wallet	Card Wallet	Multiple	No	Unknown
11	Paper Wallet	Ethaddress.org	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
12	Paper Wallet	Stellar Paper Wallet	Stellar	No	Unknown

Other Wallets

No	Type of product	Product Name	Compatible blockchains	BIP39 supported	Country of origin
1	Other Wallet	Web Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
2	Other Wallet	Exchange Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
3	Other Wallet	Custodial Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
4	Other Wallet	Vault Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
5	Other Wallet	Multisig Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
6	Other Wallet	Software Wallets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.	Yes	Unknown
7	Other Wallet	Multicurrency Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
8	Other Wallet	Multi-Asset Wallet	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
9	Other Wallett	Mobile Wallets	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
10	Other Wallet	Desktop Wallets	Multiple	Yes	Unknown
11	Other Wallet	Web3 Wallets	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown
12	Other Wallet	DApp Wallets	Ethereum	Yes	Unknown

How to secure your mnemonic phrase with EviSeed?

If you use a BIP39-compatible wallet, you must imperatively protect your mnemonic phrase against any loss or theft. An innovative solution for this is EviSeed, developed by Freemindtronic. EviSeed is an electronic device that allows you to store your mnemonic phrase in a secure and resistant NFC card against physical or logical attacks.

EviSeed offers several advantages over traditional backup methods on paper or metal:

It is easy to use: just approach your NFC card from a compatible smartphone to display your mnemonic phrase.
It is secure: it uses a patented algorithm that encrypts your mnemonic phrase with a personal PIN code.
It is durable: it resists shocks, water, fire and magnetic fields.

EviSeed is compatible with all wallets that support BIP39, such as Ledger, Trezor or Metamask. You can order your EviSeed on Freemindtronic’s official website (link to https://freemindtronic.com/eviseed/en/).

Some real-life examples of people who lost their keys

You may think that losing your mnemonic phrase is a rare or unlikely case. Think again! Many people have already experienced this misadventure, sometimes with dramatic consequences. Here are some real-life examples taken from the media:

Stefan Thomas, a programmer living in San Francisco, owns 7 002 Bitcoin that he cannot recover because he lost the password of his IronKey hard drive, which contains the private keys of his wallet1. He only has two attempts left before his hard drive locks permanently.
James Howells, a British computer scientist, accidentally threw away his hard drive containing 7 500 Bitcoin in 20132. He tried unsuccessfully to find his hard drive in a municipal landfill.
Brad Yasar, an entrepreneur living in Los Angeles, mined thousands of Bitcoin at the beginning of the project3. But he forgot his passwords and failed to access his wallets despite hundreds of hours spent trying.
Luke Dashjr, one of the original developers of Bitcoin Core, said he lost more than 200 Bitcoin after his PGP key was compromised on December 31, 20224. He claimed he did not know how hackers were able to access his key.

These examples show well the importance of using a reliable and secure method to backup your mnemonic phrase. With EviSeed, you can avoid this kind of situation and enjoy your cryptocurrencies peacefully.

Other standards related to BIP39

BIP39 is not the only standard that concerns the generation and management of cryptocurrency wallets. There are other standards that are related to BIP39 or that propose alternatives to it. Here are some examples:

The BIP32 is another standard that describes how to generate deterministic wallets from a master key. The BIP32 allows creating a hierarchy of derived keys from a single master key, which facilitates the organization and backup of wallets. The BIP32 uses a hash function to derive keys, which ensures that keys are unpredictable and independent from each other. The BIP39 is a method to create a master key from a mnemonic phrase. The two standards are often used together to create deterministic wallets from mnemonic phrases.

The BIP44 is an extension of the BIP32 that defines a hierarchical structure for deterministic wallets. It allows managing multiple accounts and multiple currencies with a single mnemonic phrase. The BIP44 defines five levels of derivation: purpose, currency, account, address type, and address index. The purpose is fixed at 44’ to indicate that the wallet follows the BIP44. The currency is a numerical code that identifies the currency used (for example, 0’ for Bitcoin, 60’ for Ethereum). The account is a number that allows separating funds according to personal criteria (for example, 0’ for the main account, 1’ for the secondary account). The address type is a bit that indicates if the wallet uses external addresses (0) or internal addresses (1). External addresses are those that are used to receive payments, while internal addresses are those that are used to send changes. The address index is a number that identifies each address within the address type. For example, the address m/44’/0’/0’/0/0 corresponds to the first external address of the first Bitcoin account of the wallet.

The SLIP39 (Shamir’s Secret-Sharing for Mnemonic Codes) is an alternative to BIP39 that allows splitting a mnemonic phrase into several parts that must be combined to restore the master key. The SLIP39 uses Shamir’s secret-sharing scheme, a cryptographic algorithm that allows distributing a secret into several pieces, called shares, such that a minimum number of shares is required to reconstruct the secret. For example, one can split a mnemonic phrase into five shares, of which three are required to restore it. This allows increasing security and redundancy of the wallet, by avoiding that one single share is enough to access funds or that one single share lost makes the wallet irrecoverable.

The Electrum Seed Version System is a system used by Electrum wallet to generate and verify mnemonic phrases. It differs from BIP39by several aspects: it uses a different word list, it does not use a checksum but a version code, it allows generating mnemonic phrases of variable lengths (12, 18 or 24 words), it allows deriving keys and addresses from a hash of the mnemonic phrase without depending on a fixed word list, it supports different types of mnemonic phrases according to the type of wallet (standard, multisig or segwit).

The Monero Seed Format is a format used by Monero wallet to generate and verify mnemonic phrases. It differs from BIP39 by several aspects: it uses a different word list, it uses a different checksum based on CRC32, it allows generating mnemonic phrases of 13 or 25 words depending on the seed length (128 or 256 bits), it allows deriving keys and addresses from the seed without depending on a fixed word list.

The segmented key authentication technology

Another innovative technology that allows to protect sensitive data such as mnemonic phrases by using encryption keys that are stored on different supports is the segmented key authentication technology. This technology was invented by Jacques Gascuel, a Frenchman living in Andorra, founder of the Andorran company Freemindtronic, is also patented in the USA under number US11281759B2 in 2020.

According to the invention, the encryption keys of the mnemonic phrases are segmented into several parts, which allows to store them on different supports such as contactless devices, phones, computers or a paper print with a QR code. Each mnemonic phrase is associated with an NFC HSM device and/or an EviCore OpenPGP HSM from Freemindtronic, which contains a part of the encryption key, which can be a pairing key. This part allows to decrypt the mnemonic phrase when the other parts are gathered. The other parts can be validated in different ways, such as a password, a fingerprint, a geofence or an identifier of the phone or network, etc. The technology allows to create different segmentation combinations for each mnemonic phrase. To reconstruct the encryption key and access the mnemonic phrase, one must approach the NFC HSM device from the phone and validate the other parts according to the order chosen by the user or automatically if all conditions are met.

According to one of the implementations of the invention, the key segments chosen by the user to constitute the decryption key can be of physical or digital origin. For example, the user can choose a key segment that corresponds to a geofence, thus allowing to decrypt the mnemonic phrase without requiring any other action, apart from being physically in the right geographical area. Of course, this key segment is associated with at least another key segment, such as the identifier of the user’s phone. This greatly improves user experience without compromising security level, as there are other default authentication factors integrated into NFC devices, such as also segmented pairing key, NFC identifier, unique 128-bit key, administrator and/or user password, as well as phone fingerprint.

Finally, an advantage of this technology is that key segments can be entrusted to various third parties without any risk. For example, a third party can hold a key segment without knowing what type of segment he owns, whether it is a BSSID, a geofence or a phone identifier that will receive a donation. There is virtually no limit to this. It is an effective solution for donations and inheritances, where the notary or lawyer can have a geofence key segment that he can only use in a specific place defined in a will or under the supervision of a bailiff.

Conclusion
In summary, BIP39 is a major improvement proposal to simplify the management of cryptocurrency wallets. Thanks to the use of mnemonic phrases, it offers a user-friendly and secure solution to create and recover your wallets. However, it is crucial to protect your mnemonic phrase against any loss or theft, and to choose a reliable and compatible wallet with BIP39.
We hope that this article has helped you understand better the functioning and benefits of BIP39. If you have any questions or comments, we would love to help you in the section below. Simplify your cryptocurrency management experience with BIP39!

2023, Articles, Cyberculture, Digital Security, Technical News

Strong Passwords in the Quantum Computing Era

Posted on May 5, 2023March 15, 2024 by FMTAD

05
May

Strong Passwords by Jacques gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

How to Protect Your Passwords from Quantum Computers Introduction

Do you know that quantum computers could break your passwords in seconds? This could expose your personal and financial data to hackers. To prevent this, you need to create strong passwords that can resist quantum attacks. In this article, you will learn how to do it easily and effectively.

2024 Digital Security

Kapeka Malware: Comprehensive Analysis of the Russian Cyber Espionage Tool

April 18, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Digital Security News Training

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

April 15, 2024

2024 Digital Security

Apple M chip vulnerability: A Breach in Data Security

March 25, 2024

2024 Articles Cardokey EviSwap NFC NDEF Technology GreenTech Technical News

NFC vCard Cardokey: Revolutionizing Digital Networking

March 25, 2024

2024 Digital Security

Cybersecurity Breach at IMF: A Detailed Investigation

March 15, 2024

2024 DataShielder Digital Security PassCypher Phishing

Midnight Blizzard Cyberattack Against Microsoft and HPE: What are the consequences?

March 10, 2024

2024 Digital Security

PrintListener: How to Betray Fingerprints

February 22, 2024

2024 Articles Digital Security News

BitLocker Security: Safeguarding Against Cyberattacks

February 10, 2024

How to create strong passwords in the era of quantum computing?

Quantum computing is a technology that promises to revolutionize the field of computation by exploiting the properties of subatomic particles. It offers unprecedented possibilities for scientific research, artificial intelligence or cryptography. But it also represents a risk for the security of data and online communications. Indeed, quantum computers could be able to crack the secret codes that protect our passwords, our bank accounts or our private messages.

What is quantum computing? What is encryption? What is a brute force attack?How to protect ourselves from this threat? The answer is simple: create strong passwords and resist quantum attacks. But what is a strong password? And how to choose it? Here are some tips to help you strengthen your digital security in the era of quantum computing.

What is quantum computing and how does it work in video?

What is a strong password?

A strong password is a password that is hard to guess or crack by a hacker. It must be composed of at least 12 characters, mix uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and symbols, and not contain dictionary words, proper names or personal data. For example, “P@ssw0rd123” is not a strong password, because it is too short, too simple and too common. On the other hand, “Qx7!tZ9#rGm4” is a strong password, because it is long, complex and random.

Why is a strong password important?

A strong password is important because it reduces the risk that your account will be hacked by a brute force attack. A brute force attack consists of testing all possible combinations of characters until finding the right password. The longer and more complex the password, the more possible combinations there are, and the more time and resources it takes to crack it.

For example, a password of 8 characters composed only of lowercase letters has about 200 billion (26^8) possible combinations. A classical computer can crack it in a few minutes. But a password of 20 characters composed of letters, numbers and symbols has about 10^39 (95^20) possible combinations. A classical computer would need 766 trillion years to crack it.

But what about quantum computers?

Quantum computers are able to perform calculations much faster and more powerful than classical computers thanks to their ability to manipulate qubits instead of bits. A qubit can take two states simultaneously (0 and 1), which allows it to explore multiple solutions at the same time. Thus, a quantum computer could theoretically crack a password by testing all possible combinations in parallel.

However, there are technical and practical limits to this ability. First, you need to have a quantum computer powerful and stable enough to perform this type of operation. However, current quantum computers are still very rudimentary and only have a limited number of qubits. Second, you need to know the type of encryption used to protect the password. However, there are encryption algorithms that are resistant to quantum attacks, such as symmetric encryption or elliptic curve encryption. Third, you need to have access to the system that stores the password. However, there are security measures that prevent unauthorized access, such as two-factor authentication or account locking after several unsuccessful attempts.

Thus, even if quantum computers represent a potential threat for the security of passwords, they are not yet able to crack them easily. Nevertheless, it is prudent to prepare for the advent of this technology by creating strong passwords and changing them regularly.

How to choose a strong password?

To choose a strong password, there are several methods. Here are some examples:

The Diceware method: it consists of randomly choosing several words from a predefined list and separating them by spaces or symbols. For example, “piano cat star 7 &”. This method allows you to create passwords that are easy to remember and hard to crack.
The XKCD method: it consists of choosing four random words and assembling them without space. For example, “correcthorsebatterystaple”. This method is inspired by a comic from the XKCD site that shows that this type of password is safer than a complex but short password.

The random generator method: it consists of using an online tool that creates a random password composed of letters, numbers and symbols. For example, “Qx7!tZ9#rGm4”. This is the method implemented in the evicore nfc and evicore hsm technology from Freemindtronic, which features a random password generator with Shannon entropy control. This technology also automatically calculates the number of bits of the generated password based on the type of printable ASCII 95 characters used. This method allows you to create very secure passwords but difficult or impossible to remember, which requires the use of a hardware or virtual password manager. Whatever the method chosen, it is important to follow some rules:

Do not use the same password for multiple accounts or services.
Do not write the password on a paper or store it on an insecure device.
Do not share the password with other people or communicate it by email or phone.
Do not use obvious clues or security questions to recover the password in case of forgetfulness.
Use a password manager to store and manage your passwords securely.

Tools for creating and protecting strong passwords

If you want to create and protect strong passwords in the age of quantum computing, you can use some of these online tools to help you:

Online password generator: A tool that creates a random and strong password composed of letters, numbers and symbols. For example, Mot de passe.xyz is a free and secure online password generator that lets you choose the length and types of characters for your password.
Password strength calculator: A tool that calculates the entropy (the number of bits) of a password based on its length and the number of possible characters. For example, Password Entropy Calculator is a free online tool that shows you how strong your password is and how long it would take to crack it.
Data breach checker: A tool that checks if your email or phone number has been exposed in a data breach. For example, Have I Been Pwned? is a free online service that lets you check if your personal information has been compromised by hackers.

Using these tools can help you create and protect strong passwords that are resistant to quantum attacks. However, you should also remember to use different passwords for different accounts, change them regularly, and use a password manager to store them safely.

In conclusion

Passwords are essential to protect our privacy and our data online. Faced with the potential threat of quantum computers, it is important to create strong passwords and resist quantum attacks. To do this, we need to choose passwords that are long and complex, change them regularly and manage them with caution. Thus, we will be able to enjoy the benefits of quantum computing without fearing for our digital security.

2023, Articles, Cyberculture, Eco-friendly, Electronics, GreenTech, Technologies

The first wood transistor for green electronics

Posted on April 29, 2023March 15, 2024 by FMTAD

29
Apr

Wood transistor by Jacques gascuel This article will be updated with any new information on the topic, and readers are encouraged to leave comments or contact the author with any suggestions or additions.

The first wood transistor for green electronics

Wood is a natural and renewable material that can be used for many purposes, from construction to furniture. But did you know that wood can also be used to make electronic devices? In this article, we will introduce you to the first wood transistor ever created, and explain how it works and why it is a promising innovation for green electronics.

2024 Cyberculture Digital Security News Training

Andorra National Cyberattack Simulation: A Global First in Cyber Defense

April 15, 2024

2024 Articles Cardokey EviSwap NFC NDEF Technology GreenTech Technical News

NFC vCard Cardokey: Revolutionizing Digital Networking

March 25, 2024

2024 Crypto Currency Cryptocurrency Cyberculture Legal information

EU Sanctions Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comprehensive Overview

March 15, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Uncategorized

Chinese cyber espionage: a data leak reveals the secrets of their hackers

March 2, 2024

2024 Cyberculture

Cyber Resilience Act: a European regulation to strengthen the cybersecurity of digital products

February 24, 2024

2024 Cyberculture Legal information

Encrypted messaging: ECHR says no to states that want to spy on them

February 21, 2024

2024 Articles Cyberculture EviPass Password

Human Limitations in Strong Passwords Creation

January 22, 2024

2023 Articles Cyberculture EviCypher NFC HSM News Technologies

Telegram and the Information War in Ukraine

January 5, 2024

What is a wood transistor?

A transistor is a device that can amplify or switch electrical signals. Transistors are the building blocks of modern electronics, such as computers, smartphones, and sensors. They are usually made of silicon, a semiconductor material that can conduct electricity under certain conditions.

However, a wood transistor is a type of transistor that uses wood as the base material instead of silicon. Wood is also a semiconductor, but with different properties than silicon. To make wood transistors, researchers coat thin slices of wood with carbon nanotubes. These are tiny tubes of carbon atoms that have excellent electrical and mechanical properties.

The carbon nanotubes act as electrodes, which are the parts of the transistor that connect to the external circuit. The wood acts as the channel, which is the part of the transistor that controls the flow of current between the electrodes.

How does a wood transistor work?

A wood transistor works by applying a voltage to one of the electrodes, called the gate. This voltage creates an electric field that affects the conductivity of the wood channel. By changing the gate voltage, the current flowing between the other two electrodes, called the source and the drain, can be modulated.

The wood transistor can operate in two modes: depletion mode and enhancement mode. In depletion mode, the wood channel is normally conductive, and the gate voltage can reduce or stop the current flow. In enhancement mode, the wood channel is normally non-conductive, and the gate voltage can increase or start the current flow.

The researchers who developed the wood transistor made an interesting discovery. They found that it can switch between depletion mode and enhancement mode by changing the polarity of the gate voltage. This means that the wood transistor can perform both n-type and p-type functions, which are essential for creating complex electronic circuits.

Why is a wood transistor important?

A wood transistor is important because it offers several advantages over conventional silicon transistors. Some of these advantages are:

Wood is abundant, cheap, biodegradable, and renewable, which makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to silicon. Silicon is scarce, expensive, non-biodegradable, and requires high-energy processing.
Wood transistors have a low operating voltage, which means they consume less power and generate less heat than silicon transistors. This can improve the energy efficiency and performance of electronic devices.
Wood transistors have a high sensitivity to humidity and temperature changes, which makes them suitable for applications such as environmental sensors and smart textiles.
Moreover, wood transistors have a flexible and transparent structure, which makes them compatible with flexible and wearable electronics.

What are the challenges and opportunities for wood transistors?

Researchers are still developing wood transistors, and they face some challenges and opportunities for further improvement. Some of these are:

The stability and reliability of wood transistors need to be enhanced by optimizing the fabrication process and protecting them from moisture and oxidation.
The scalability and integration of wood transistors need to be improved by developing methods to produce large-area and high-density arrays of wood transistors on various substrates.
The functionality and diversity of wood transistors need to be expanded by exploring different types of wood materials and carbon nanotube coatings with different properties.
The applications and markets for wood transistors need to be explored by collaborating with industry partners and end-users who can benefit from this novel technology.

Conclusion

Wood transistors are a breakthrough innovation that can revolutionize green electronics. They combine the natural advantages of wood with the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes to create low-power, high-performance, flexible, transparent, and biodegradable electronic devices.

Source

Li, T., Zhu, H., Wang, X. et al. Wood-based fully biodegradable and flexible electronic devices. Nat Electron 4, 33–40 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-00518-9

[1] A transistor made of wood: Electrical current modulation in wood electrochemical transistor – https://www.pnas.org/content/118/17/e2026873118

2023, Articles, Cyberculture, Training

ChatGPT on cybersecurity and system safety

Posted on April 21, 2023February 20, 2024 by FMTAD

21
Apr

ChatGPT Cybersecurity System Safety

ChatGPT is an AI chatbot for cybersecurity launched by OpenAI in November 2022. It is trained with RLHF and uses GPT-3.5 language models. ChatGPT can perform various tasks such as pentesting, fuzzing, shellcode generation, custom email creation or buffer overflow exploitation. ChatGPT can also help blue teams detect and prevent cyberattacks .

Preamble

To learn

Create

Have fun

Get informed

Discuss

Test

Collaborate

Explorer

Improve

Personalize

Prompt ChatGPT Openai white freemindtronic Andorra

Other

ChatGPT Cybersecurity

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool that allows you to generate text from your inputs. You can use it to create content, learn new things, entertain yourself, or just chat. But to get the most out of ChatGPT, you need to know how to talk to it. That’s where prompts come in.

Prompts are short sentences or texts that you enter into ChatGPT’s interface to ask for a response or a continuation of the conversation. They serve to guide the AI to a response or continuation of the conversation that meets your expectations. By using well-formulated prompts, you can interact with ChatGPT effectively and get quality answers.

In this article, we will introduce you to the best prompts to exchange with ChatGPT on cybersecurity and safety of computer systems, phone systems, communication systems, information system, industrial system, home automation system. We’ve grouped them into 10 categories depending on the type of response or conversation you want to get. Whether you want to learn, create, have fun or get informed, here you will find the prompts you need.

1 – To learn

If you want to use ChatGPT as a learning tool about cybersecurity and systems safety, you can ask it to explain concepts, teach you skills, or help you solve problems. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to learn with ChatGPT:

Explain [cybersecurity or safety concept] to me as if I were 5 years old.
Teach me how to [apply a cybersecurity or safety measure or technique] step by step.
Help me solve this problem: [cybersecurity or safety scenario or case study].
What are the best resources for learning [cybersecurity or safety field or topic]?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of [cybersecurity or safety choice or solution]?
What is the difference between [term A] and [term B] when it comes to cybersecurity or safety?
How can I improve in [cybersecurity or safety field or topic]?
What are the pitfalls to avoid when [doing something related to cybersecurity or safety]?
What is the story of [cybersecurity or safety event or persona]?
What are the most interesting facts about [cybersecurity or safety field or topic]?

2 – Create

If you want to use ChatGPT as a cybersecurity and systems safety authoring tool, you can ask it to generate content, design items, or give ideas. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to create with ChatGPT:

Write a blog post on [cybersecurity or safety topic] using AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) format.
Creates a catchy slogan for
.
Give me 10 name ideas for new cybersecurity or safety software.
Draw me an architecture diagram for a secure or secure system.
Write a safety or security policy for [organization or project].
Compose a cybersecurity or safety incident alert or report.
Invents a cybersecurity or safety test or audit scenario for [system or application].
Creates an action or remediation plan for [cybersecurity or safety issue or vulnerability].
Write source code for [cybersecurity or safety feature or measure] using the [programming language].
Generates a secure or secure key or password.
Create a quiz or game on [cybersecurity or safety domain or topic].

4 – Have fun

If you want to use ChatGPT as an entertainment tool, you can ask it to make jokes, play games, or simulate characters. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to have fun with ChatGPT:

Tell me a joke on [topic].
Let’s play a game: I’m thinking of something and you have to guess what it is by asking me closed-ended questions (yes or no).
“Talk to me like you were [famous person].
Make me an imitation of [celebrity].
Invents a riddle on [subject].
What’s the funniest movie you’ve ever seen?
What’s the craziest thing you’ve ever done?
What is your wildest dream?
What is your favorite superpower and why?
What’s the best piece of advice you’ve ever received?
What is the most embarrassing thing that has happened to you?

3 – Get Informed

If you want to use ChatGPT as an information tool on cybersecurity and system safety, you can ask it to provide you with data, facts, or opinions on various topics. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to inform yourself with ChatGPT:

What is the current cyber threat situation in the world?
What are the latest news on [cybersecurity or safety topic]?
What is the best way to [protect, detect, respond] to [type of attack or incident]?
What are the best products or services for [cybersecurity or safety needs]?
What is the historical and future evolution of [cybersecurity or safety related field or topic]?
What are the benefits and risks of [cybersecurity or safety technology or trend]?
What is your opinion on [controversial topic related to cybersecurity or safety]?
What are the best books or movies on [genre or theme related to cybersecurity or safety]?
What are upcoming events in [domain or sector related to cybersecurity or safety]?
Who are the most influential people in [field or sector related to cybersecurity or safety]?

5 – Discuss

If you want to use ChatGPT as a tool for discussing cybersecurity and system safety, you can ask them to talk about themselves, their interests, or their emotions. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to chat with ChatGPT:

Tell me about yourself: who are you, what do you do, what do you like about cybersecurity or safety?
What are your hobbies or passions in cybersecurity or safety?
How do you feel today in terms of cybersecurity or safety?
What makes you happy or sad about cybersecurity or safety?
What are your cybersecurity or safety dreams or goals?
What scares or stresses you about cybersecurity or safety?
What makes you curious or fascinated about cybersecurity or safety?
What makes you laugh or cry when it comes to cybersecurity or safety?
What are your values or principles regarding cybersecurity or safety?
What are your strengths or weaknesses in cybersecurity or safety?

6 – Test

If you want to use ChatGPT as a cybersecurity and system safety testing tool, you can ask it to check your knowledge, skills, or personality. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to test with ChatGPT:

Give me a quiz on [cybersecurity or safety topic].
Assess my level of [cybersecurity or safety competency] by asking myself questions.
Analyzes my personality in terms of cybersecurity or safety by asking myself questions.
Correct my text on [topic related to cybersecurity or safety] by looking for errors or weaknesses.
Give me feedback on my [cybersecurity or safety related project or work].
Give me tips on how to improve in [area or topic related to cybersecurity or safety].
Give me a challenge in [field or topic related to cybersecurity or safety].
Compare my results with those of other users in terms of cybersecurity or safety.
Give me a grade on [cybersecurity or safety criterion].
Give me a reward or sanction based on my cybersecurity or safety performance.

7 – Collaborate

If you want to use ChatGPT as a collaboration tool on cybersecurity and systems safety, you can ask it to work with you on a project, task, or idea. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to collaborate with ChatGPT:

Help me [do something related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me instructions or resources.
Work with me on [cybersecurity or safety project] giving me ideas or suggestions.
Participate in [cybersecurity or safety task] by giving me your opinion or feedback.
Create with me [something related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me examples or models.
Join me in [cybersecurity or safety activity] by giving me encouragement or motivation.
Learn with me [something related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me lessons or exercises.
Play [cybersecurity or safety game] with me by giving me strategies or tips.
Share with me [something related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me information or facts.
Discuss [cybersecurity or safety topic] with me with arguments or opinions.
Trust me in [cybersecurity or safety situation] by giving me support or help.

8 – Explorer

If you want to use ChatGPT as an exploration tool on cybersecurity and system safety, you can ask it to introduce you to new topics, places, or people. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to explore with ChatGPT:

Let me know [cybersecurity or safety topic] by giving me an introduction or summary.
Show me around [place related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me a description or map.
Let me meet [someone related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me a biography or interview.
Take me on a journey back to [cybersecurity or safety era] by giving me historical or cultural context.
Let me dive into [cybersecurity or safety] by giving me a storyline or plot.
Make me dream of [cybersecurity or safety fantasy] by giving me a vision or a feeling.
Make me think about [cybersecurity or safety issue] by giving me a perspective or hypothesis.
Make me imagine [cybersecurity or safety situation] by giving me an example or simulation.
Make me experiment [something related to cybersecurity or safety] by giving me a challenge or opportunity.

9 – Improve

If you want to use ChatGPT as a cybersecurity and systems safety improvement tool, you can ask it to help you patch, develop, or optimize your writing, project, or strategy. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to improve with ChatGPT:

Correct my text on [topic related to cybersecurity or safety] by looking for errors or weaknesses. Make sentences clearer. [Paste your text].
Develop a cybersecurity or safety strategy for my [organization or project] using the [framework name] framework. Guide me through the steps of developing an effective strategy.
Creates catchy headlines for a blog post on [cybersecurity or safety topic]. Titles should be engaging, impactful and memorable. [Creates a number of titles].
Plan my day more efficiently by creating a list of priority tasks based on the following tasks: [List your cybersecurity or safety tasks].
Optimizes my security or safety configuration for my [system or application] using the [approach name] approach. Guide me through the optimization process.
Summarizes the most important lessons from the book [Book title related to cybersecurity or safety] in a comprehensive but digestible summary.
Help me break the writer’s block by writing me a plan for a detailed blog post on [cybersecurity or safety topic].
Help me design a conversion funnel for my [cybersecurity or safety related product or service] using the [frame name] framework. Guide me through the key elements of an effective funnel.
Help me set better goals for [personal or professional goal related to cybersecurity or safety] using the SMART framework. Creates specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound goals.
Help me develop a communication strategy for my [project or work related to cybersecurity or safety] using the RACE (Research, Action, Communication, Evaluation) template. Guide me through the steps of creating a strategy that inspires interest and trust.
Help me innovate and improve my [cybersecurity or safety related product or service] using the Jobs to Be Done framework. Identifies potential areas for improvement based on customer needs and wants.
Help me review and update my security or safety policy for [organization or project] using current best practices and standards. Guide me through the key points of an effective and compliant policy.

10 – Personalize

If you want to use ChatGPT as a customized cybersecurity and system safety tool, you can ask it to change its behavior, tone, or style according to your preferences. Here are some examples of prompts you can use to customize ChatGPT:

From now on, talk to me in [language].
From now on, use a [formal or informal] tone in your answers.
From now on, adapt your writing style to [target genre or audience].
From now on, be more [concise or detailed] in your answers.
From now on, always give me at least [number] of options or examples in your answers.
From now on, always cite your sources or references in your answers.
From now on, always use verified data or facts in your answers.
From now on, avoid sensitive or controversial topics in your answers.
From now on, respect my opinions or beliefs in your answers.
From now on, treat me as [relationship or status] in your answers.

Also check Best Prompts for ChatGPT

Click me!

That’s it, we’ve completed our list of the best prompts to chat with ChatGPT about cybersecurity and system safety. We hope you found this article helpful and that you will try these prompts with ChatGPT. Feel free to send us your comments or suggestions in the section below. And don’t forget to share this article with your friends who might be interested in cybersecurity and system safety. Have a great conversation!

2023, Events

THcon 2023: A Cybersecurity Conference and CTF in Toulouse

Posted on April 19, 2023May 2, 2023 by FMTAD

19
Apr

THCON 2023 DataShielder by Freemindtronic silver sponsor THCON CTF FCT ENSEEIHT Toulouse Hacking Convention

2023 Events

THcon 2023: A Cybersecurity Conference and CTF in Toulouse

April 19, 2023

datashielder serverless cryptography solution team Sesame Expertises Region Hauts de France FIC 2023 Freemindtronic Andorra

2023 Events FIC 2023

Serverless Cryptography Solution – FIC 2023

March 23, 2023

2022 Confex Events

CONFEX 4.0 Cybersecurity Transalley

November 23, 2022

List of exhibitors Eurosatory 2022 by Freemindtronic in Hall 5b stand C178 new stealth NFC card EviCypher

Eurosatory 2022 Events Exhibitions

Exhibitors list Eurosatory 2022 and Freemindtronic Story

June 29, 2022

2022 CyberStealth Eurosatory 2022 Press release

EviStealth Technology at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

2022 Cyber Computer Eurosatory 2022 Press release

Cyber Computer at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

2022 Contactless Dual Strongbox Eurosatory 2022 Press release

The Contactless Dual Strongbox for sensitive data at Eurosatory 2022

June 9, 2022

2022 Events Exhibitions

Freemindtronic at Eurosatory 2022

May 10, 2022

Fortnite THcon 2023 Freemindtronic Andorra Silver Sponsor

Cryptax CTF THcon 2023 Freemindtronic Andorra Silver Sponsor

THcon 2023: Highlights of the Cybersecurity Event

Do you want to know more about THcon 2023, a cybersecurity conference and CTF that took place in Toulouse, France? In this article, you will learn about the highlights of the event, the speakers, the partners and the prizes. You will also find out how to register for the next edition in 2024. Read on to discover why THcon is a must-attend event for cybersecurity enthusiasts!

Are you a cybersecurity enthusiast who missed THcon 2023 and its CTF? Or are you curious about what happened at this amazing event that took place in Toulouse, France from April 20 to 22, 2023? If so, you are in the right place. In this article, I will give you a recap of the highlights of THcon 2023 and its CTF. I will also show you why you should attend the next edition in 2024.

What is THcon and its CTF?

THcon is a cybersecurity event organized by the Toulouse Informatique Sécurité et Associatif (TISA) association. It aims to bring together hackers, researchers, students, professionals and enthusiasts from all over the world to share their passion and knowledge on cybersecurity.

The event features two days of talks, a social event and a CTF (Capture The Flag) in person. The talks cover various and current topics, such as hardware hacking, firmware analysis, secret extraction in CI/CD systems, attacks against online games, Android security model or the challenges of connected vehicle security. The speakers are recognized experts in their fields, such as Travis Goodspeed, Axelle Apvrille or Damien Cauquil.

The social event is an opportunity for the participants to network and have fun in a friendly and festive atmosphere. It is also the occasion to award the prizes for the challenge that takes place during the talks.

The CTF is a hacking competition that consists of solving cybersecurity challenges. For example, exploiting a vulnerability in an electronic device, extracting hidden data in a memory image, finding weaknesses in an encryption protocol and much more. The CTF takes place at ENSEEIHT on the third day of the event and is open to all levels. The winning teams win prizes such as hacking equipment, t-shirts and other surprises.

Highlights of THcon 2023 and its CTF THcon 2023 and its CTF were full of memorable moments that made this edition a success. Here are some of them:

The opening keynote by Travis Goodspeed. He shared his experience and insights on hacking hardware devices, such as radios, microcontrollers or smart cards.
The talk by Axelle Apvrille. She showed how to analyze firmware images using static and dynamic techniques. For instance, reverse engineering, emulation or fuzzing.
The talk by Damien Cauquil. He demonstrated how to attack online games using various tools and methods. For example, packet sniffing, proxying or cheating.
The social event on Thursday evening. Participants enjoyed music, drinks and food while chatting with each other and with the speakers.
The award ceremony for the challenge that took place during the talks. The challenge was to find hidden flags in different web pages related to THcon. The first three teams who found all the flags won prizes such as books or vouchers.
The CTF on Saturday at ENSEEIHT. More than 600 participants from 12 countries faced various and stimulating challenges in the field of cybersecurity.
Congratulation to the Synacktiv team, ENSEEIHT team and GCC–ENSIBS team for the podium and also to every team that participated ! 👏 You can learn more about GCC-ENSIBS on their LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/gcc-ensibs

Partners and sponsors of THcon 2023 THcon is supported by several partners and sponsors who contribute to make this event possible. Among them are:

Freemindtronic: an Andorran company specialized in cybersecurity and safety of computer systems. Freemindtronic actively participates in the hardware CTF of THcon. You can discover the backstage of the hardware CTF of THcon 2022 in this video made by Jacques Gascuel, the CEO of Freemindtronic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-Es2RJUQBo
Synacktiv: a French company that provides offensive security services and solutions. Synacktiv also organizes trainings on various topics related to cybersecurity.

ENSEEIHT: a French engineering school that offers courses on computer science, electronics, telecommunications and applied mathematics. ENSEEIHT hosts the CTF of THcon on its premises.

Among the prizes offered by Freemindtronic, silver sponsor of THcon since 2022, there are four NFC HSM DataShielder Lite collector devices, a unique version made for THcon CTF 2023. These devices are password and bank card managers that work without a battery and offer secure, decentralized and individualized management of sensitive data.

Why should you attend THcon 2024?

THcon is a must-attend event in Occitania for learning, having fun and meeting other cybersecurity enthusiasts. You can find all the information on the official website of the event: https://thcon.party/. You can also consult the list of challenges of the CTF on the site https://ctf.thcon.party/challenges.

If you want to experience this unique and enriching event, don’t hesitate to register for the next edition of THcon in 2024! You will find all the necessary information on the website https://thcon.party. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover the latest trends in cybersecurity, face exciting challenges and meet people who share your interests!

THCon Conference 2023

THURSDAY 20TH 2023

9h15 – 9h30 OPENING SPEECH
Mohamed Kâaniche (Director at LAAS-CNRS),
Marc Sztulman (Conseiller Régional d’Occitanie)

9h30 – 10h15 [K] MASK ROMS AND MASKS OF ABSTRACTION
Travis GoodSpeed
More info →

10h15 – 10h55 [LP] AUTOMATING THE EXTRACTION OF SECRETS STORED INSIDE CI/CD SYSTEMS
Théo Louis-Tisserand and Hugo Vincent
Synacktiv (Toulouse & Paris, France)
More info →

11h15 – 11h35 [SP] HASH CRACKING : AUTOMATION DRIVEN BY LAZINESS, 10 YEARS AFTER
David Soria
Astar (Toulouse, France)
More info →

11h35 – 12h15 [LP] WEAPONIZING ESP32 RF STACKS
Romain Cayre and Damien Cauquil
Institut Eurecom (Sophia-Antipolis, France),
Quarkslab (Paris, France)
More info →

14h00 – 14h45 [K] HAMMERSCOPE: OBSERVING DRAM POWER CONSUMPTION USING ROWHAMMER
Yaakov Cohen and Arie Haenel
Intel
More info →

14h45 – 15h25 [LP] REFLECTIONS ON TRUSTING DOCKER: INVISIBLE MALWARE IN CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION SYSTEMS
Florent Moriconi, Axel Neergaard, Lucas Georget, Samuel Aubertin and Aurélien Francillon
Institut Eurecom (Sophia-Antipolis, France)
More info →

15h25 – 15h45 [SP] DYNAMIC BINARY FIRMWARE ANALYSIS WITH AVATAR²
Paul Olivier
Institut Eurecom (Sophia-Antipolis, France) / LAAS-CNRS (Toulouse, France)
More info →

FRIDAY 21TH 2023

9h30 – 10h15 [K] HACKING FOR IDEAS
Axelle Apvrille
Fortinet
More info →

10h15 – 10h55 [LP] AN EXPLAINABLE-BY-DESIGN ENSEMBLE LEARNING SYSTEM TO DETECT UNKNOWN NETWORK ATTACKS
Céline Minh, Kevin Vermeulen, Cédric Lefebvre, Philippe Owezarski and William Ritchie
Custocy (Toulouse, France),
LAAS-CNRS, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA (Toulouse, France)
More info →

10h55 – 11h15 [SP] AN EXPLORATION OF FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR CROWD SOURCED VULNERABILITY DETECTION
Olivier de Casanove and Florence Sèdes
IRIT, Universite Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France)
More info →

11h35 – 12h15 [LP] THE ANDROID SECURITY MODEL
Jean-Baptiste Cayrou
Synacktiv (Toulouse, France)
More info →

12h15 – 12h35 [SP] SOFTWARE DEFINED VEHICULE SECURITY – CHALLENGES, RISKS AND REWARDS
Redouane Soum
Renault
More info →

14h00 – 14h40 [LP] A STUDY ON WINDOWS AUTHENTICATION & PROX-EZ
Geoffrey Bertoli and Pierre Milioni
Synacktiv (Paris, France)
More info →

14h40 – 15h20 [LP] WHY THERE IS MORE TO TODAY’S ATTACKS AGAINST ONLINE GAMES THAN MEETS THE EYE
Ilies Benhabbour, Marc Dacier, David Bromberg, Sven Dietrich, Rodrigo Rodrigues and Paulo Estes-Verissimo
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), (Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia),
Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA, INRIA Rennes (France),
City University of New York (New York, NY, USA),
Instituto Superior Tecnico and INESC-ID (Lisboa, Portugal)
More info →

15h50 – 16h30 [LP] FIGHTING AGAINST DLL SEARCH ORDER HIJACKING, ONE SLAHP AT A TIME
Antonin Verdier, Romain Laborde and Abdelmalek Benzekri
IRIT, Universite Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier (Toulouse, France)
More info →

16h30 – 16h50 CONCLUSION

2023, Events, FIC 2023

Serverless Cryptography Solution – FIC 2023

Posted on March 23, 2023May 2, 2023 by FMTAD

23
Mar

DataShielder: Freemindtronic’s innovation at FIC 2023

DataShielder is a serverless cryptography solution that Freemindtronic presented at the International Cybersecurity Forum (FIC) 2023, which took place in Lille Grand Palais from 5 to 7 April 2023. The FIC is the leading European event on issues of security and digital trust. It brings together all cybersecurity actors, whether public or private, national or international. FIC visitors were able to attend demonstrations to discover all the features and benefits offered by DataShielder. The demonstrations took place on the stand of the Hauts-de-France region with Sésame Expertises, official partner of Freemindtronic.

DataShielder: Serverless Cryptography Solution – FIC 2023

Do you want to communicate securely online without changing your habits or constraining your contacts? Do you want to protect your privacy and personal data from hackers and third parties? Do you want to use a cryptography solution that doesn’t require a server or database? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you need DataShielder.

DataShielder: Serverless Cryptography Solution

DataShielder is an ecosystem composed of three autonomous and complementary parts: a HSM application for Android or iPhone phones, a NFC HSM application for Android phones with NFC technology, and an extension that creates a HSM on a computer system. DataShielder allows you to generate, store, share and use all types of symmetric and asymmetric encryption keys offline, including OpenPGP. You have full control over your encryption and decryption keys and can share them at any time. You can also import or export DataShielder-generated and signed keys or existing keys from other sources or applications.

DataShielder: Compatible with All Messaging Services

DataShielder is compatible with all existing messaging services (email, SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram, Signal, Wire…). It also offers an SMS-encrypted instant messaging service with a segmented key authentication system. In addition, it has an advanced electronic signature system for files with automatic verification of signatures. You can learn more about this feature here.

DataShielder: Guarantees Your Privacy and the Protection of Your Personal Data

This solution is a serverless cryptography solution, which means that it does not require any authentication to use the ecosystem after acquiring the HSM application or the NFC HSM application through Google and Apple platforms. You do not need to provide your name, email address or phone number to use all DataShielder systems. There is also no centralized server or database that stores your keys or messages. Everything happens directly between your devices, which are the only ones that hold your keys and can use them. DataShielder guarantees the total respect of your privacy and the protection of your personal data without any intermediary or trusted third party.

DataShielder: Enables End-to-End Encryption from HSM Application or NFC HSM

DataShielder allows you to encrypt and decrypt your data from any device using the HSM application or the NFC HSM application. This means that you can use your smartphone, tablet, laptop or any other device to securely communicate with your contacts. You can also use a dedicated NFC HSM device that provides a higher level of security and reliability. DataShielder ensures that your data is encrypted end-to-end, from the sender to the receiver, without any intermediary.

DataShielder: Presented at FIC 2023 with Live Demonstrations

DataShielder was presented at the International Cybersecurity Forum (FIC) 2023, which took place from April 5 to 7, 2023 in Lille. The FIC is the must-attend event for cybersecurity actors in Europe. DataShielder aroused public interest and admiration thanks to its technological innovations and its potential for application in different fields. Freemindtronic also performed live demonstrations of DataShielder on the stand of our partner Sesame Expertises.

Freemindtronic: Thanks Its Partner Sesame Expertises

We would like to warmly thank our partner Sesame Expertises, who allowed us to present and demonstrate our solution on their stand at FIC 2023. Thanks to Sesame Expertises, we were able to benefit from their expertise in industrial cybersecurity and operational security in the transport sector. Sesame Expertises is also an auditor for Tisax, ISO 27001, 27701, 9001, QUALIOPI and ISO 2770. If you would like to contact them, click here..

DataShielder: How to Learn More?

If you would like to learn more about DataShielder click here or participate in the testing phase, please do not hesitate to contact us via our website or social networks. Thank you for reading this article to the end. What did you think of DataShielder? Leave us a comment below or share this article with your contacts!

DataShielder electronic signature compatible with eIDAS, GDPR, ISO/IEC 27001

Contact for demos on Sesame Expertises booth C9-12

Upload PDF press release (en) click here

Press release

Multi-language download links for press releases.

Sign up for Newsletter

Why some EU countries don’t want the unitary patent

Why some EU countries are not on board

What is the unitary patent?

What is the current status of the unitary patent?

The UPC Agreement

The main obstacle and challenges

What are the advantages?

How does the unitary patent compare with other patent systems?

The European Patent Convention (EPC)

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

The Eurasian Patent Convention (EAPC)

How Freemindtronic’s international patents are related to the unitary patent

Our patent options

Our patent strategy

Conclusion

How can legal issues of the unitary patent for non-participating countries be resolved?

What are the disadvantages?

What are the best practices or strategies for using or avoiding the unitary patent?

The scope of protection

The cost of protection

The risk of invalidation

The enforcement of rights

Why do some EU countries not want to join the unitary patent

What are the consequences of these countries’ exclusion from the unitary patent?

What are the legal issues of the unitary patent for non-participating countries?

Conclusion

Discover Secure Password Management with PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM

PassCypher NFC HSM and PassCypher Pro NFC HSM: Secure and Convenient Password Management

Introduction

Features and Benefits

Management of Paired Phones

Create a New Label (Secret)

Digital Post-it

Free Tools: Advanced Password Manager

Strongbox Function

Segmented Key Generator

Pwned Function (Enhanced Cybersecurity)

Secret Phrase Generator (Passphrase)

Innovative technique

Advantages of PassCypher

Freemindtronic Receives Global InfoSec Awards for Innovative PassCypher NFC HSM Technology

Disadvantages of PassCypher

Lifecycle

Comparison with Competitors

Comparison with Competitors

Comparison with Competitors

PassCypher NFC HSM vs. Competitor A

PassCypher NFC HSM vs. Competitor B

Conclusion

Summary

Efficient NRE Cost Optimization for Electronics

How to Calculate NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB?

3 levers

Three Main Levers to Reduce NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB

How to Use the TRL Scale to Optimize NRE Cost for Electronic Products with PCB?

What are the Benefits of Using the TRL Scale for Freemindtronic?

Conclusion and Contact Information

How does remote activation of phones by the police work?

What is the new bill on justice and why is it raising concerns about privacy?

What is remote activation of phones and how does it work?

How did the Senate vote on the bill and where to find the official sources?

What are the benefits and risks of remote activation of phones?

What are the arguments in favor of remote activation of phones?

How can remote activation of phones violate privacy and data protection?

How can remote activation of phones improve access to justice and evidence?

What are the arguments against remote activation of phones?

How can remote activation of phones undermine the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial?

How can remote activation of phones create a risk of abuse and misuse by the authorities?

What are the alternatives and safeguards for remote activation of phones?

What are the existing legal tools to access phone data with judicial authorization?

What are the principles and conditions for remote activation of phones according to the bill?

What are the possible ways to limit or challenge remote activation of phones?

Using encryption technologies:

Using security features:

Using legal remedies:

How does this technique compare with other countries?

How does remote activation of phones by the police work in different countries?

How does remote activation of phones by the police raise ethical and social challenges?

Security versus privacy