Tag Archives: State-sponsored cyberattacks

2025, Digital Security

APT28 spear-phishing France: targeted attacks across Europe

Posted on by FMTAD
APT28 spear-phishing France: cyberattack warning on Russian APT threats targeting European and French institutions, shown on a laptop and smartphone.
30
Apr
APT28 Spear-Phishing Tactics: A Persistent European Cyber Threat — Jacques Gascuel analyzes the evolving spear-phishing campaigns of APT28 targeting European entities, including France. Understand their sophisticated methods and discover essential strategies to bolster defenses against this persistent state-sponsored espionage.

APT28 spear-phishing France: targeted attacks across Europe

APT28 Spear-Phishing: Russia’s Fancy Bear Targets Europe APT28, also known as Fancy Bear or Sofacy Group, a notorious Russian state-sponsored cyber espionage group, has intensified its spear-phishing campaigns against European entities. These meticulously crafted attacks primarily target government bodies, military organizations, and energy companies, aiming to extract sensitive information and potentially disrupt critical operations. This article delves into the evolving spear-phishing techniques employed by APT28 and provides essential strategies for effective prevention.

Table of Contents : • APT28 spear-phishing France • Historical Context: The Evolution of APT28 • Priority targets for APT28 spear-phishing campaigns • Spear-phishing and electoral destabilization in Europe • APT28 attribution and espionage objectives • Observed campaigns and methods (2022–2025) • Mapping APT28 to the Cyber Kill Chain • Tactics and Infrastructure: Increasing Sophistication • Coordination spear-phishing & disinformation: The two faces of APT28 • Official Report – CERTFR-2025-CTI-006 • Tactical Comparison: APT28 vs APT29 vs APT31 vs APT44 • Timeline of APT28 Spear-Phishing Campaigns • ANSSI’s operational recommendations • Regulatory framework: French response to spear-phishing • Exclusive availability in France via AMG Pro • Sovereign solutions: DataShielder & PassCypher against spear-phishing • Threat coverage table: PassCypher & DataShielder vs APT groups • Towards a European cyber resilience strategy

APT28 spear-phishing France: a persistent pan-European threat

APT28 spear-phishing France now represents a critical digital security challenge on a European scale. Since 2021, several European states, including France, have faced an unprecedented intensification of spear-phishing campaigns conducted by APT28, a state-sponsored cyber-espionage group affiliated with Russia’s GRU. Also known as Fancy Bear, Sednit, or Sofacy, APT28 targets ministries, regional governments, defense industries, strategic research institutions, critical infrastructure, and organizations involved with the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.

In a tense geopolitical context across Europe, APT28’s tactics are evolving toward stealthy, non-persistent attacks using malware like HeadLace and exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities such as CVE-2023-23397 in Microsoft Outlook. This vulnerability, detailed in a CERT-FR alert (CERTFR-2023-ALE-002), allows an attacker to retrieve the Net-NTLMv2 hash, potentially for privilege escalation. It is actively exploited in targeted attacks and requires no user interaction, being triggered by sending a specially crafted email with a malicious UNC link. This trend mirrors tactics used by APT44, explored in this article on QR code phishing, underscoring the need for sovereign hardware-based tools like DataShielder and PassCypher. European CISOs are encouraged to incorporate these attack patterns into their threat maps.

Historical Context: The Evolution of APT28

APT28 (Fancy Bear) has been active since at least 2004, operating as a state-sponsored cyber-espionage group linked to Russia’s GRU. However, its most heavily documented and globally recognized operations emerged from 2014 onward. That year marks a strategic shift, where APT28 adopted more aggressive, high-visibility tactics using advanced spear-phishing techniques and zero-day exploits.

Between 2008 and 2016, the group targeted several major geopolitical institutions, including:

• The Georgian Ministry of Defense (2008)
• NATO, the White House, and EU agencies (2014)
• The U.S. presidential election campaign (2016)

This period also saw extensive exposure of APT28 by cybersecurity firms such as FireEye and CrowdStrike, which highlighted the group’s growing sophistication and its use of malicious Word documents (maldocs), cloud-based command-and-control (C2) relays, and coordinated influence operations.

These earlier campaigns laid the foundation for APT28’s current operations in Europe — especially in France — and illustrate the persistent, evolving nature of the threat.

Priority targets for APT28 spear-phishing campaigns

Target typology in APT28 campaigns

PT28 targets include:

  • Sovereign ministries (Defense, Interior, Foreign Affairs)
  • Paris 2024 Olympics organizers and IT contractors
  • Operators of vital importance (OVIs): energy, transport, telecoms
  • Defense industrial and technological base (BITD) companies
  • Research institutions (CNRS, INRIA, CEA)
  • Local governments with strategic competencies
  • Consulting firms active in European or sensitive matters

Spear-phishing and electoral destabilization in Europe

Political and geopolitical context of APT28 campaigns

APT28’s campaigns often precede key elections or diplomatic summits, such as the 2017 French presidential election, the 2019 European elections, or the upcoming Paris 2024 Olympic Games. These are part of a broader hybrid strategy aimed at destabilizing the EU.

Some spear-phishing attacks are synchronized with disinformation operations to amplify internal political and social tensions within targeted nations. This dual tactic aims to undermine public trust in democratic institutions.

Reference: EU DisinfoLab – Russia-backed disinformation narratives

Germany and NATO have also reported a resurgence of APT28 activities, particularly against NATO forces stationed in Poland, Lithuania, and Estonia. This strategic targeting of European institutions is part of a broader effort to weaken collective security in the EU.

APT28 attribution and espionage objectives

  • Attribution: Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU), Unit 26165
  • Key techniques: Targeted phishing, Outlook vulnerabilities, compromise of routers and peripheral devices
  • Objectives: Data exfiltration, strategic surveillance, disruption of critical operations

APT28 also coordinates technical operations with information warfare: fake document distribution, disinformation campaigns, and exploitation of leaks. This “influence” component, though less covered in mainstream reports, significantly amplifies the impact of technical attacks.

Observed campaigns and methods (2022–2025)

Date Campaign Targets Impact
March 2022 Diplomatic phishing EU ministries Theft of confidential data
July 2023 Military campaign French and German forces Access to strategic communications
Nov. 2024 HeadLace & CVE exploit Energy sector Risk of logistical sabotage
April 2025 Olympics 2024 operation French local authorities Compromise of critical systems

🔗 See also: ENISA Threat Landscape 2024 – Cyberespionage Section

Mapping APT28 to the Cyber Kill Chain

Kill Chain Step Example APT28
Reconnaissance DNS scanning, 2024 Olympic monitoring, WHOIS tracking
Weaponization Doc Word piégé (maldoc), exploit CVE-2023-23397
Delivery Spear-phishing by email, fake ..fr/.eu domains
Exploitation Macro Execution, Outlook Vulnerability
Installation Malware HeadLace, tunnels cloud (Trello, Dropbox)
C2 GitHub relay, DNS Fast Flux
Actions on Obj. Exfiltration, disinformation coordinated with DCLeaks

Tactics and Infrastructure: Increasing Sophistication

APT28 Obfuscation and Infrastructure Methods

APT28 campaigns are distinguished by a high degree of stealth:

  • Domain spoofing via homographs (e.g. gov-fr[.]net).
  • Real-time payload encryption.
  • Using legitimate cloud services like GitHub, Dropbox, or Trello as a C2 relay.
  • Hosting on anonymized infrastructures (Fast Flux DNS, bulletproof hosting).
  • Non-persistent attacks: ephemeral access, rapid exfiltration, immediate wipe. This approach makes detection particularly complex, as it drastically reduces the window of opportunity for forensic analysis, and the attacker’s infrastructure is often destroyed rapidly after compromise.

This mastery of technical obfuscation makes detection particularly complex, even for the most advanced SIEM systems and EDRs.

Coordination spear-phishing & disinformation: The two faces of APT28

APT28 is not limited to digital espionage. This group orchestrates coordinated disinformation campaigns, often leveraging platforms like DCLeaks or Guccifer 2.0, in sync with its spear-phishing operations. These actions aim to weaken the social and political cohesion of targeted countries.

Fake news campaigns exploit leaks to manipulate public opinion, amplify mistrust, and relay biased narratives. These tactics, as detailed in the CERT-EU Threat Landscape Report, highlight the sophisticated efforts deployed to influence perceptions and sow division.

APT28 in figures (source: ENISA, Mandiant, EU DisinfoLab)

  • More than 200 campaigns recorded in Europe between 2014 and 2025
  • More than 10,000 spear-phishing emails identified
  • 65% of campaigns coordinated with influencer operations
  • 8 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited since 2021

Weak Signals Before APT28 Attacks

Here are the warning signs identified by the CERTs and CSIRTs:

  • Public DNS Recognition Campaigns
  • Targeted scans of critical infrastructure
  • Fraudulent domain registrations close to official names (e.g., counterfeit .gouv.fr)
  • Malicious office files posted on forums or as attachments

Monitoring these indicators enables an active cyber defense posture.

Official Report – CERTFR-2025-CTI-006

Ciblage et compromission d’entités françaises au moyen du mode opératoire d’attaque apt28

Activités associées à APT28 depuis 2021

Published by CERT-FR on April 29, 2025, this report provides an in-depth analysis of APT28 spear-phishing France campaigns and cyber intrusions. Key highlights include:

  • Attribution to APT28, affiliated with Russia’s GRU, using stealthy infection chains and phishing tactics;
  • Systematic targeting of French government, diplomatic, and research institutions from 2021 to 2024;
  • Continued threat amid the ongoing war in Ukraine, extending to Europe, Ukraine, and North America;
  • Strong alignment with prior spear-phishing and disinformation tactics analyzed in this article.

Download the official PDF (in French):

View official CERT-FR page – CERTFR-2025-CTI-006.pdf – Full Report

This official warning reinforces the strategic need for sovereign hardware-based solutions like DataShielder and PassCypher to counter APT28 spear-phishing France campaigns effectively.

Tactical Comparison: APT28 vs APT29 vs APT31 vs APT44

While APT44 leverages QR codes to hijack platforms like Signal, APT28 stands out for its “quick strike” attacks, relying on disposable infrastructure.

Unlike APT29 (Cozy Bear), which favors persistent software implants for long-term monitoring, APT28 adopts stealth operations, supported by anonymous cloud relays and targeted social engineering campaigns.

Each of these groups reflects an offensive strategy of Russia or China, oriented against European strategic interests.

APT Group Affiliation Main objective Key tactics Infrastructure Peculiarity
APT28 (Fancy Bear) GRU (Russia) Espionage, influence Spear-phishing, zero-day, cloud C2 Disposable, Fast Flux Coupled with fake news operations
APT29 (Cozy Bear) SVR (Russia) Persistent espionage Software implants, stealthy backdoors Infrastructure stable Long-term monitoring
APT31 (Zirconium) MSS (China) IP Theft, R&D Email spoofing, maldoc, scan DNS Chinese Proxy Recycling of open source tools
APT44 (Sandworm) GRU (Russia) Sabotage, disruption QR phishing, attaques supply chain External Hosting Use of destructive techniques

Timeline of APT28 Spear-Phishing Campaigns (2014–2025)

APT28 spear-phishing France is not an isolated threat but part of a broader, long-running offensive against Europe. This timeline traces the evolution of APT28’s major campaigns—from initial credential theft to advanced zero-day exploits and coordinated cyber-influence operations. It highlights the increasing sophistication of Russian GRU-aligned operations targeting national institutions, think tanks, and infrastructure across the continent.

APT28 spear-phishing France – Timeline showing major cyberespionage campaigns from 2014 to 2025.

Evolution of APT28 Campaigns (2014–2025): This timeline outlines the key cyberattacks conducted by the Russian GRU-affiliated group APT28, highlighting spear-phishing operations targeting European institutions, critical infrastructure, and high-profile diplomatic events.

ANSSI’s operational recommendations

  • Apply security patches (known CVEs) immediately.
  • Audit peripheral equipment (routers, appliances).
  • Deploy ANSSI-certified EDRs to detect anomalous behavior.
  • Train users with realistic spear-phishing scenarios.
  • Segment networks and enforce the principle of least privilege.

For detailed guidance, refer to the ANSSI recommendations.

Regulatory framework: French response to spear-phishing

  • Military Programming Law (LPM): imposes cybersecurity obligations on OIVs and OESs.
  • NIS Directive and French transposition: provides a framework for cybersecurity obligations.
  • SGDSN: steers the strategic orientations of national cybersecurity.
  • Role of the ANSSI: operational referent, issuer of alerts and recommendations.
  • EU-level Initiatives: Complementing national efforts like those led by ANSSI in France, the NIS2 Directive, the successor to NIS, strengthens cybersecurity obligations for a wider range of entities and harmonizes rules across European Union Member States. It also encourages greater cooperation and information sharing between Member States.

Sovereign solutions: DataShielder & PassCypher against spear-phishing

Sovereign solutions: DataShielder & PassCypher against spear-phishing

DataShielder NFC HSM: An alternative to traditional MFA authentication

Most of APT28’s spear-phishing publications recommend multi-factor authentication. However, this MFA typically relies on vulnerable channels: interceptable SMS, exposed cloud applications, or spoofed emails. DataShielder NFC HSM introduces a major conceptual breakthrough:

Criterion Classic MFA DataShielder NFC HSM
Channel used Email, SMS, cloud app Local NFC, without network
Dependency on the host system Yes (OS, browser, apps) No (OS independent)
Resistance to spear-phishing Average (Interceptable OTP) High (non-repeatable hardware key)
Access key Remote server or mobile app Stored locally in the NFC HSM
Offline use Rarely possible Yes, 100% offline
Cross-authentication No Yes, between humans without a trusted third party

This solution is aligned with a logic of digital sovereignty, in line with the recommendations of the ANSSI.

DataShielder HSM PGP can encrypt all types of emails, including Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo, LinkedIn, Yandex, HCL Domino, and more. It encrypts messages end-to-end and decrypts them only in volatile memory, ensuring maximum privacy without leaving a clear trace.

PassCypher HSM PGP enhances the security of critical passwords and TOTP/HOTP codes through:

  • 100% offline operation without database or server
  • Secure input field in a dedicated tamper-proof sandbox
  • Protection native contre les attaques BITB (Browser-in-the-Browser)
  • Automatic sandbox that checks original URLs before execution
  • Secure management of logins, passwords, and OTP keys in a siloed environment

En savoir plus : BITB attacks – How to avoid phishing by iframe

These solutions fit perfectly into sovereign cyber defense architectures against APTs.

🇫🇷 Exclusive availability in France via AMG Pro (Regulatory Compliance)

To comply with export control regulations on dual-use items (civil and military), DataShielder NFC HSM products are exclusively distributed in France by AMG PRO.

These products are fully compliant with:

  • French Decree No. 2024-1243 of December 7, 2024, governing the importation and distribution of dual-use encryption systems.
  • Regulation (EU) 2021/821, establishing a Union regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items (updated 2024).

Why this matters:

  • Ensures legal use of sovereign-grade encryption in France and across the EU.
  • Guarantees traceability and legal availability for critical infrastructures, ministries, and enterprises.
  • Reinforces the sovereignty and strategic autonomy of European cybersecurity frameworks.

DataShielder NFC HSM: a French-designed and Andorran-manufactured offline encryption and authentication solution, officially recognized under civil/military dual-use classification.

Threat coverage table: PassCypher & DataShielder vs APT groups

Evaluating sovereign cyber defenses against APT threats

Faced with the sophisticated arsenal deployed by APT groups such as APT28, APT29, APT31 or APT44, it is becoming essential to accurately assess the level of protection offered by cybersecurity solutions. The table below compares the tactics used by these groups with the defense capabilities built into PassCypher, HSM, PGP, and DataShielder. This visualization helps CISOs and decision-makers quickly identify the perimeters covered, residual risks, and possible complementarities in a sovereign security architecture.

Threat Type APT28 APT29 APT31 APT44 Couverture PassCypher DataShielder Coverage
Targeted spear-phishing ✅ ✅ ✅ ⚠️ ✅ ✅
Zero-day Outlook/Microsoft ✅ ✅ ⚠️ ❌ ✅
(sandbox indirect)		 ✅
(memory encryption)
Cloud relay (Trello, GitHub…) ✅ ⚠️ ✅ ❌ ✅
(URL detection)		 ✅
QR code phishing ❌ ❌ ❌ ✅ ✅ ✅
BITB (Browser-in-the-Browser) ✅ ⚠️ ❌ ❌ ✅ ✅
Attacks without persistence ✅ ❌ ⚠️ ✅ ✅ ✅
Disinformation / fake news ✅ ⚠️ ❌ ✅ ✅
(scission login/data)		 ⚠️
(via partitioning)
Compromise of peripheral equipment ✅ ✅ ✅ ⚠️ ❌ ✅
(via HSM)
Targeting elections/Olympics ✅ ⚠️ ❌ ❌ ✅ ✅

✅ = Direct protection / ⚠️ = Partial mitigation / ❌ = Not directly covered

Towards a European cyber resilience strategy

APT28, APT29, APT44: these are all groups that illustrate an offensive escalation in European cyberspace. The response must therefore be strategic and transnational:

  • Coordination by ENISA and the European CSIRT Network
  • IOC sharing and real-time alerts between Member States
  • Regulatory harmonization (NIS2 revision, Cyber Resilience Act)
  • Deployment of interoperable sovereign solutions such as DataShielder and PassCypher

See also: Cyber Resilience Act – EU 🔗 See also: APT44 QR Code Phishing – Freemindtronic

CISO Recommendation: Map APT28 tactics in your security strategies. Deploy segmented, offline authentication solutions like DataShielder, combined with encrypted questionnaire tools such as PassCypher to counter spear-phishing attacks.

2024, Digital Security

Why Encrypt SMS? FBI and CISA Recommendations

Posted on by FMTAD
Why Encrypt SMS? NFC card protecting encrypted SMS communications from espionage and corruption on Android NFC phone.
16
Dec
Understanding why encrypt SMS is crucial in today’s cybersecurity landscape by Jacques Gascuel – This post in the Digital Security section highlights a cybersecurity wake-up call, addressing the growing cyber threats to government agencies and presenting solutions for secure communication. Updates will be provided as new information becomes available. Feel free to share your comments or suggestions.

CISA Cybersecurity Guidance: Why Encrypt SMS for Mobile Communication Security?

On December 3, 2024, the FBI and CISA, joined by global cybersecurity agencies, issued a stark warning about the vulnerabilities of unencrypted SMS, MMS, and RCS communications. Highlighting exploits by state-sponsored groups like Salt Typhoon, a Chinese cyberespionage campaign, the alert underscores the urgent need for end-to-end encryption to strengthen mobile communication security and protect sensitive government and institutional data. Understanding why encrypt SMS is essential helps organizations mitigate risks and enhance communication security. Learn how solutions like DataShielder NFC HSM Defense offer sovereign-grade security against these growing threats.

Why Encrypt SMS A Crucial Step in Mobile Communication Security

On December 3, 2024, the FBI and CISA, joined by global cybersecurity agencies, issued a stark warning about the vulnerabilities of unencrypted SMS, MMS, and RCS communications. This highlights why encrypt SMS is no longer optional but a necessity for securing mobile communications. Highlighting cyberespionage by state-sponsored groups like Salt Typhoon, the alert underscores the necessity for encryption to protect sensitive government and institutional communications.

Discover how vulnerabilities in telecom protocols, from SS7 to Diameter, are exploited, and explore sovereign-grade encryption with DataShielder, solution designed to secure sensitive communications and critical infrastructure globally.

Unencrypted SMS, MMS, and RCS leave critical gaps in mobile communication security. This demonstrates why encrypt SMS is crucial for protecting sensitive data from interception and exploitation. Cybercriminals and state-sponsored actors can exploit these vulnerabilities to intercept sensitive information. By adopting encrypted communication methods, organizations can mitigate these risks, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.

📍 Learn from official sources:

Read the full article to understand the risks and solutions. Share your thoughts and secure your communications.

Summary: Why Encrypt SMS Is Essential for Cybersecurity

The recent cyberattacks orchestrated by Salt Typhoon emphasize the vulnerabilities in telecom infrastructure, exposing sensitive government communications. This article explores these risks, highlights advanced threats targeting global telecom networks, and presents DataShielder NFC HSM Defense as a sovereign solution for regalian institutions.

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Quick Navigation

Why Encrypt SMS? Understanding the Critical Flaws in MMS, and RCS Protocols

In 2024, telecom network vulnerabilities have become a major threat to both governmental and commercial communications. These weaknesses in protocols such as SS7 and Diameter highlight the urgency of addressing telecom vulnerabilities this year with robust encryption measures.

While SMS, MMS, and RCS remain widely used, their reliance on outdated and vulnerable protocols makes them prime targets for exploitation. The FBI and CISA identified the following key risks:

  • Interception of Messages: Unencrypted SMS and MMS are transmitted in plaintext, making interception relatively easy for cybercriminals.
  • SIM Swapping Attacks: Threat actors take control of victims’ phone numbers, granting them access to sensitive accounts secured by SMS-based two-factor authentication (2FA).
  • Telecom Infrastructure Exploits: Weaknesses in protocols such as SS7, Diameter, and RCS allow adversaries to compromise entire networks, intercepting metadata, call records, and live communication streams.

IMSI Catchers: A Hidden Threat

IMSI catchers, also known as Stingrays, exploit weaknesses in telecom infrastructure to intercept unencrypted SMS and voice communications. Both Salt Typhoon and Flax Typhoon have used such methods to target sensitive government and corporate data. These attacks underscore why SMS encryption is no longer optional but a critical measure for safeguarding sensitive information.

Related Threats Protocols

Protocols like SS7, originally designed in the 1970s for 2G and 3G networks, were never built with modern security standards in mind. Vulnerabilities in SS7 and related protocols, including Diameter (4G/5G) and SIP (VoIP), further exacerbate the risks of telecom-based attacks.

📑 Explore SS7 vulnerabilities in detail:

Salt Typhoon: The Scope of Cyberespionage

Salt Typhoon’s impact on global telecom networks highlights the importance of securing sensitive data with sovereign-grade encryption solutions. The Salt Typhoon campaign demonstrates the global impact of cyberattacks on telecom networks. By targeting operators in the U.S., Europe, and other strategic regions, Salt Typhoon underscores the critical need for sovereign security solutions to protect sensitive communications worldwide.

State-Sponsored Cyber Attacks

Salt Typhoon, a Chinese state-affiliated group, exemplifies the modern-day cyberespionage threat. This group bypasses traditional endpoint security measures by directly targeting telecom infrastructure. Their tactics include:

  1. Exploiting Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: Leveraging unpatched software flaws in telecom systems to gain unauthorized access.
  2. Misconfiguration Exploits: Exploiting poorly configured core network components, enabling large-scale data extraction.
  3. Intercepting Call Detail Records (CDRs): Accessing metadata, live call data, and surveillance logs.

Salt Typhoon’s activities have compromised sensitive data involving high-ranking officials, security agencies, and critical businesses. The breach extends beyond the U.S., affecting telecom operators in France (SFR), Spain (Telefónica), and other global entities.

Global Implications

The breach highlights the structural vulnerabilities of international telecom networks. The PRC uses these intrusions to:

  • Gather Strategic Intelligence: Inform military and economic policies.
  • Undermine U.S. and Allied Credibility: Compromise allied infrastructure, including NATO and Five Eyes.
  • Proliferate Cyber Tactics: Inspire other state-sponsored actors to replicate similar attacks.

These vulnerabilities underline the urgent need for coordinated international efforts to mitigate risks and safeguard sensitive communications.

International Cooperation to Combat Telecom Threats

The response to Salt Typhoon underscores the importance of global cooperation. Agencies from the Five Eyes alliance (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) and European counterparts are actively working together to mitigate risks, share intelligence, and strengthen cybersecurity defenses globally.

Regulatory Responses to Salt Typhoon: FCC’s Call to Action

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has taken decisive steps to strengthen the resilience of telecommunications infrastructure following the Salt Typhoon cyberattack. This attack, confirmed on December 4, 2024, compromised sensitive systems in at least eight U.S. telecom companies and exposed vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure.

Key FCC Measures:

  1. Cybersecurity Obligations:
    • Telecommunications carriers must comply with Section 105 of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) to secure their networks.
    • Legal obligations extend beyond equipment to include network management practices.
  2. Compliance Framework:
    • Annual certification for cybersecurity risk management plans.
    • Expanded obligations for all communications providers to implement robust security measures.
  3. National Security Focus:
    • Recognizing the critical role of telecom networks in defense, public safety, and economic systems, the FCC’s actions aim to build resilience against future cyberattacks.

📍 Read the FCC Fact Sheet for more details:

Salt Typhoon: A Case Study in Telecom Exploitation

The Salt Typhoon attack is a stark reminder of how state-sponsored actors bypass traditional security measures to target telecom infrastructure directly. Operating under the guise of Earth Estries—a Chinese cyberespionage group—their tactics reveal a sophisticated approach to large-scale data theft and network manipulation.

Salt Typhoon Tactics and Techniques:

  1. Zero-Day Exploits:
    • Unpatched vulnerabilities in core telecom systems.
  2. Misconfigurations:
    • Exploiting poorly configured network components to gain unauthorized access.
  3. Interception of Call Detail Records (CDRs):
    • Accessing metadata, live communications, and surveillance logs without targeting individual devices.

Global Implications of Salt Typhoon Attacks:

Salt Typhoon has impacted major telecom operators globally, including:

  • U.S. carriers (AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile).
  • European providers like SFR (France) and Telefónica (Spain).

Telecom protocols like SS7 and Diameter, though foundational to mobile communication, are plagued by vulnerabilities that open the door to cyber espionage. We will discuss by following how these weaknesses are exploited and why it is essential to address them.

Protocol Vulnerabilities: A Gateway for Cyber Espionage

While Salt Typhoon focuses on telecom infrastructure, vulnerabilities in SS7, Diameter, and related protocols serve as entry points for cyber adversaries.

Understanding the risks associated with outdated and vulnerable telecom protocols like SS7, Diameter, and RCS is essential for safeguarding mobile communication infrastructure.

Key Protocol Risks

  1. SS7 (Signaling System 7):
    • Designed for 2G/3G networks, SS7 was never intended for secure communication, making it vulnerable to message interception and location tracking.
  2. Diameter Protocol:
    • Used in 4G/5G networks, Diameter faces similar risks, including denial-of-service attacks and message tampering.
  3. RCS (Rich Communication Services):
    • A modern SMS replacement, RCS still lacks robust encryption, leaving it open to interception and spoofing.

📑 Learn more about SS7 vulnerabilities:

IMSI catchers, or Stingrays, pose a critical threat by intercepting mobile communications through deception. Learn how these devices are leveraged by cyber adversaries to compromise sensitive data.

IMSI Catchers: A Gateway for Mobile Communication Interception

IMSI catchers, also known as Stingrays, are devices used to intercept mobile communications by mimicking legitimate cell towers. These tools are commonly employed by state-sponsored actors, such as Salt Typhoon and Flax Typhoon, to capture sensitive data, including SMS, calls, and metadata.

To learn more about IMSI catchers and their impact on mobile communication security, consult this detailed explanation provided by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF).

Practical Steps to Secure Communication: Why Encrypt SMS Matters

One of the first steps to achieve this is to understand why encrypt SMS is a priority in cybersecurity strategies. Here’s how organizations and individuals can enhance their security posture, particularly around telecom network vulnerabilities in 2024 and the risks associated with unencrypted messaging:

  1. Adopt Encrypted Messaging Platforms
    Leverage secure apps like Signal or Telegram, which provide end-to-end encryption to ensure the confidentiality of your communications.
  2. Implement Secure Hardware Solutions
    Utilize hardware-based tools such as the DataShielder NFC HSM Defense for sovereign-grade encryption. These solutions are specifically designed to protect against threats like Salt Typhoon and ensure data integrity.
  3. Conduct Regular Audits
    Evaluate and update telecom protocols such as SS7 and Diameter to address potential vulnerabilities. Auditing ensures that your systems stay ahead of evolving cyber risks.
  4. Leverage International Guidelines
    Follow frameworks and recommendations from global cybersecurity organizations, including CISA and FCC, to strengthen your defenses. These guidelines provide actionable steps to safeguard your communication infrastructure.
  5. Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
    Combine encrypted platforms with MFA to add an extra layer of security, mitigating the risks of SIM-swapping attacks and unauthorized access.
  6. Train Employees on Cybersecurity Awareness
    Educate staff on recognizing phishing attempts and other cyber threats. Awareness is a crucial defense against insider and external threats.
  7. Perform Penetration Testing
    Conduct regular penetration tests to uncover weaknesses in your telecom infrastructure. This proactive approach ensures that vulnerabilities are identified and resolved before they are exploited.

The answer is clear: unencrypted SMS, MMS, and RCS leave organizations exposed to interception and exploitation. Tools like DataShielder NFC HSM Defense and secure practices such as those outlined above provide critical safeguards against global telecom threats and state-sponsored cyberattacks.

Why Encrypt SMS Best Tools for SMS Encryption in Government

Securing SMS communications for government institutions and enterprises is no longer optional—it is essential to safeguard sensitive exchanges. Why encrypt SMS? Unencrypted messages remain vulnerable to interception and cyberattacks, making encryption a critical component of modern cybersecurity strategies. Among the top solutions available is the DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, tailored to meet the highest standards for sovereign entities and highly sensitive government communications:

  • Hybrid Encryption (AES-256 CBC): Ensures all data is encrypted locally before transmission.
  • Cross-Platform Compatibility: Works seamlessly with Android NFC devices, ensuring secure communication across various platforms.
  • Offline Functionality: Eliminates the risk of internet-based vulnerabilities, providing unmatched security.

Why Encrypt SMS to Prevent Data Breaches?

Why encrypt SMS? Enterprises classified as ultra-sensitive or of national interest must protect their communications to prevent data breaches and safeguard operational security. Freemindtronic offers the DataShielder NFC HSM Master, a double-use version specifically designed to meet these rigorous demands:

  • DataShielder NFC HSM Master: Balances enterprise flexibility with sovereign-grade encryption, making it ideal for strategic organizations working closely with government entities. This solution ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility.

Encryption Solutions for All Enterprises

For other businesses seeking advanced yet versatile encryption solutions, the DataShielder NFC HSM Lite and its complementary modules offer powerful data protection in a double-use capacity. These versions ensure comprehensive security without compromising accessibility:

For businesses that require desktop-based encryption compatible with NFC HSM modules, Freemindtronic also offers the DataShielder PGP HSM Data Encryption. This solution extends protection to computers, ensuring comprehensive data security.

Regalian Security Through Sovereign Solutions

To address these vulnerabilities, DataShielder NFC HSM Defense offers a sovereign-grade encryption tool for regalian institutions, government agencies, and enterprises.

How DataShielder NFC HSM Defense Protects Communications:

Hybrid Encryption (AES-256 CBC):

  • Encrypts data locally before transmission, ensuring total protection.

Cross-Platform Compatibility:

  • Works with all Android NFC devices (version 6+), including:
    • Fairphone (Netherlands).
    • Shiftphone (Germany).
    • Sonim Technologies (USA).
    • Crosscall (France).
    • Bullitt Group (UK).

Future-Ready Encryption:

  • Secures current and emerging communication platforms, including SMS, MMS, RCS, and satellite messaging.

Sovereign Manufacturing

Built in France (Syselec) and Andorra (Freemindtronic SL), DataShielder is developed using STMicroelectronics components to meet the highest security standards.

Expanding Beyond SMS: Aligning with CISA for Universal Communication Encryption

The sovereign-grade encryption with DataShielder secures more than just SMS. It acts as a comprehensive encryption tool for:

  • MMS, RCS, and Email: Encrypts messages and attachments.
  • Instant Messaging: Secures full platforms like Signal, Telegram, WhatsApp, LinkedIn…
  • File Transfers: Encrypts sensitive documents prior to sharing.
  • Satellite Messaging: Extends protection to off-grid communication.

By encrypting data at the source, DataShielder ensures that even intercepted messages are unreadable to adversaries.

Why Choose DataShielder?

By incorporating solutions like DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, government entities, strategic enterprises, and businesses of all sizes can mitigate risks associated with unencrypted communications. Whether addressing Why encrypt SMS? or securing data across platforms, DataShielder offers scalable and tailored solutions to meet diverse security needs.

  • Complete Offline Operation: Functions without internet, eliminating server-based vulnerabilities.
  • Segmented Key Authentication: Patented technology ensures unmatched encryption trust.
  • Proven Sovereignty: Designed and manufactured in Europe using defense-grade components.

Proactive Cybersecurity for Regalian Institutions

The Salt Typhoon cyberattack and its associated vulnerabilities underscore the urgent need for robust, proactive measures to safeguard critical communications in the regalian sector. In December 2024, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) published its Mobile Communications Best Practices Guidance to address these pressing challenges. These recommendations align seamlessly with the core principles of secure communication solutions like DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, designed to meet the highest standards for protecting sensitive government and enterprise communications.

Key Highlights from CISA’s Guidance

  • Adopt End-to-End Encryption: Transition to secure messaging platforms like Signal to ensure all communications remain private and protected.
  • Phishing-Resistant Authentication: Replace SMS-based MFA with FIDO security keys for maximum resilience against cyberattacks.
  • Platform-Specific Recommendations:
    • iPhone: Enable Lockdown Mode and utilize encrypted DNS services like Cloudflare’s 1.1.1.1 Resolver.
    • Android: Prioritize devices with secure hardware features and enable Private DNS for enhanced protection.

By adopting solutions that align with the CISA Cybersecurity Guidance, such as DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, organizations can enhance their mobile communication security while mitigating the growing threats identified by global cybersecurity agencies, including the FBI and CISA.

These best practices not only emphasize the importance of secure communications but also highlight the critical need for solutions that integrate these principles effectively, such as DataShielder NFC HSM Defense.

Why Secure Messaging Platforms Are Critical for Government Enterprises Under CISA Guidance

  • End-to-End Encryption: The CISA guidance emphasizes the need for encrypted messaging platforms to secure sensitive communications—an area where DataShielder NFC HSM Defense excels with its AES-256 encryption.
  • Phishing-Resistant Authentication: Transitioning away from SMS-based MFA aligns with the Zero Trust framework of DataShielder, which ensures offline security and eliminates internet-based vulnerabilities.
  • Platform Compatibility: DataShielder’s seamless integration with Android NFC devices addresses the secure hardware requirements outlined in the CISA guidance, ensuring protection across modern communication platforms.

Building on the importance of secure messaging platforms, the recent CISA Cybersecurity Guidance highlights actionable recommendations to strengthen mobile communication security. Here’s how DataShielder NFC HSM Defense aligns with these guidelines:

How CISA Cybersecurity Guidance Supports Secure Messaging Platforms

The newly released CISA Cybersecurity Guidance for Mobile Communication Security emphasizes the importance of robust measures such as end-to-end encryption, phishing-resistant MFA, and platform-specific security features to combat evolving cyber threats. These recommendations align seamlessly with DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, which provides sovereign-grade security tailored to meet these exact needs. Here’s how:

CISA Recommendation How DataShielder NFC HSM Defense Aligns
End-to-End Encryption Implements AES-256 CBC encryption to secure sensitive communications locally before transmission.
Phishing-Resistant MFA Integrates Zero Trust architecture, replacing vulnerable SMS-based MFA with secure offline authentication.
Offline Functionality Operates entirely offline, eliminating internet-based vulnerabilities.
Platform-Specific Compatibility Fully compatible with Android NFC devices and supports encrypted DNS, meeting CISA’s security criteria.
Sovereign Manufacturing Designed and manufactured in Europe with STMicroelectronics components for ultimate trust and reliability.

By choosing DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, organizations gain a cutting-edge solution aligned with the best practices outlined by CISA.

Explore Official Reports and Recommendations

CISA Guidance: Practical Solutions for Today’s Threats

📤 Download the full CISA Mobile Communications Best Practices Guidance (PDF)

Explore how these recommendations align with sovereign-grade security solutions like DataShielder NFC HSM Defense, providing unmatched protection for critical communications.

DataShielder NFC HSM and HSM PGP: A Comprehensive Product Line for Strategic and Corporate Needs

In an era where robust security is paramount, the DataShielder NFC HSM and HSM PGP product line offers versatile solutions tailored for a range of applications—from civilian to military, and enterprise to sovereign institutions. Explore how these innovative tools provide unmatched protection for sensitive data and communications.

Product Highlights

  • DataShielder NFC HSM Master
    A flagship product designed for the most demanding security requirements. Perfect for:

    • Sovereign institutions: Encrypting highly sensitive data.
    • Strategic enterprises: Securing internal communications.

    📍 Key Features:

    • Hybrid encryption with AES-256 CBC.
    • Advanced key management with Android NFC compatibility.
    • Fully offline functionality to eliminate internet vulnerabilities.
      ➡️ Learn more
  • DataShielder NFC HSM Lite
    A lightweight yet powerful solution for businesses requiring accessible yet robust security.
    📍 Ideal for:

    • SMEs and startups seeking cost-effective security.
    • Sectors requiring localized control over sensitive data.
      ➡️ Discover the details
  • DataShielder NFC HSM Auth and M-Auth
    • NFC HSM Auth: Tailored for secure authentication and basic encryption.
    • NFC HSM M-Auth: Advanced multi-authentication, ideal for:
  • DataShielder NFC HSM Defense
    📍 Exclusive Features:

    • Externalized contact management via NFC HSM: Make calls or send SMS, MMS, and RCS messages directly from the NFC HSM.
    • Automatic deletion of call history and messages from the phone after use.

    📍 Target Audience:

    • Defense, government institutions, and industries requiring unmatched security for communications and data.
      ➡️ Learn more
  • DataShielder Starter Kit
    An all-in-one solution to introduce enterprises to the DataShielder ecosystem.
    📍 Includes:

    • NFC HSM Lite for a seamless start.
    • Comprehensive user guide and support.
      ➡️ View the Starter Kit
  • DataShielder HSM PGP Data Encryption
    Designed for dual civilian and military use, offering robust encryption for:

    • Multinational enterprises: Protecting sensitive data during cross-border exchanges.
    • Military applications: Securing strategic communications.
      ➡️ Discover HSM PGP

Dual Civilian and Military Applications

DataShielder products are engineered to address diverse security needs:

  • Civilian Use: Protecting digital assets, intellectual property, and sensitive communications for businesses.
  • Military Use: Sovereign-grade security aligned with national and international defense standards.

Comparison Table: DataShielder NFC HSM Product Line

Product Usage Key Features Link
NFC HSM Master Sovereign and strategic AES-256 CBC, offline, advanced trust criteria, fleet management, NFC Learn more
NFC HSM Lite SMEs and startups AES-256 CBC encryption, streamlined interface, essential security features Learn more
NFC HSM Auth Authentication and encryption Identity protection + SMS, MMS, RCS encryption Learn more
NFC HSM M-Auth Multi-authentication scenarios Dynamic AES-256 CBC key replacement via RSA 4096 encrypted key sharing Learn more
NFC HSM Defense Sovereign, defense, military Externalized contact management, secure calls and SMS/MMS/RCS, automatic call/message log deletion Learn more
Starter Kit Cost-effective enterprise security NFC HSM Lite + second module for key personnel Learn more
HSM PGP Data Encryption Dual-use civil/military PGP encryption, offline operation, tailored for strategic communications Learn more

CISA Cybersecurity Guidance for Mobile Communication Security

The vulnerabilities in telecom networks and the global impact of cyberattacks like Salt Typhoon highlight the importance of adopting secure, sovereign-grade solutions. DataShielder NFC HSM Defense provides a trusted, scalable option for regalian institutions and strategic enterprises, offering unmatched protection in alignment with global best practices.

📍Don’t wait for vulnerabilities to be exploited. Secure your organization’s mobile communication today with DataShielder, the sovereign-grade encryption solution trusted for its alignment with CISA cybersecurity recommendations. Contact us for a personalized quote.

Secure your organization’s mobile communication today with DataShielder, the sovereign-grade encryption solution trusted for its alignment with CISA cybersecurity recommendations.

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